Oracle 的 sessions 参数决定了系统中可创建的最大会话数，影响并发用户量。而 PROCESSES 参数限制了操作系统用户能同时连接的进程数，包含后台进程等。一般建议设置 sessions 为 1.5 倍 processes 加上额外值。可以通过查询 v$session 和 v$process 获取当前数量，使用 alter system 调整参数，但需重启实例生效。
Sessions
Sessions specifies the maximum number of sessions that can be created in the system. Because every login requires a session, this parameter effectively determines the maximum number of concurrent users in the system. You should always set this parameter explicitly to a value equivalent to your estimate of the maximum number of concurrent users, plus the number of background processes, plus approximately 10% for recursive sessions.
Oracle uses the default value of this parameter as its minimum. Values between 1 and the default do not trigger errors, but oracle ignores them and uses the default instead.
The default values of the enqueue_resources and transactions parameters are derived from sessions. Therefore, if you increase the value of sessions, you should consider whether to adjust the values of enqueue_resources and transactions as well. (Note that enqueue_resources is obsolete as of oracle database 10g release 2 (10.2).)
| Default Value |
(1.5 * Processes) + 22 |
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