Android的三种网络通信方式

http://www.apkbus.com/android-13316-1-1.html

Android平台有三种网络接口可以使用，他们分别是：java.net.*(标准Java接口)、Org.apache接口和Android.net.*(Android网络接口)。下面分别介绍这些接口的功能和作用。
1.标准Java接口
java.net.*提供与联网有关的类，包括流、数据包套接字(socket)、Internet协议、常见Http处理等。比如：创建URL，以及URLConnection/HttpURLConnection对象、设置链接参数、链接到服务器、向服务器写数据、从服务器读取数据等通信。这些在Java网络编程中均有涉及，我们看一个简单的socket编程，实现服务器回发客户端信息。
服务端：

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1. public class Serverimplements Runnable{ 
2.     @Override 
3.     public void run() { 
4.         Socket socket = null; 
5.         try { 
6.             ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(18888); 
7.             //循环监听客户端链接请求 
8.             while(true){ 
9.                 System.out.println("start..."); 
10.                 //接收请求 
11.                 socket = server.accept(); 
12.                 System.out.println("accept..."); 
13.                 //接收客户端消息 
14.                 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); 
15.                 String message = in.readLine(); 
16.                 //发送消息，向客户端 
17.                 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())),true); 
18.                 out.println("Server:" + message); 
19.                 //关闭流 
20.                 in.close(); 
21.                 out.close(); 
22.             } 
23.         } catch (IOException e) { 
24.             e.printStackTrace(); 
25.         }finally{ 
26.             if (null != socket){ 
27.                 try { 
28.                     socket.close(); 
29.                 } catch (IOException e) { 
30.                     e.printStackTrace(); 
31.                 } 
32.             } 
33.         } 
34.          
35.     } 
36.     //启动服务器 
37.     public staticvoid main(String[] args){ 
38.         Thread server = new Thread(new Server()); 
39.         server.start(); 
40.     } 
41. } 

客户端，MainActivity

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1. public class MainActivityextends Activity { 
2.     private EditText editText; 
3.     private Button button; 
4.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
5.     @Override 
6.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
7.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
8.         setContentView(R.layout.main); 
9.          
10.         editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1); 
11.         button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); 
12.          
13.         button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { 
14.             @Override 
15.             public void onClick(View v) { 
16.                 Socket socket = null; 
17.                 String message = editText.getText().toString()+"\r\n" ; 
18.                 try { 
19.                     //创建客户端socket,注意:不能用localhost或127.0.0.1，Android模拟器把自己作为localhost 
20.                     socket = new Socket("<span style="font-weight: bold;">10.0.2.2</span>",18888); 
21.                     PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter 
22.                             (socket.getOutputStream())),true); 
23.                     //发送数据 
24.                     out.println(message); 
25.                      
26.                     //接收数据 
27.                     BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); 
28.                     String msg = in.readLine(); 
29.                     if (null != msg){ 
30.                         editText.setText(msg); 
31.                         System.out.println(msg); 
32.                     } 
33.                     else{ 
34.                         editText.setText("data error"); 
35.                     } 
36.                     out.close(); 
37.                     in.close(); 
38.                 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { 
39.                     e.printStackTrace(); 
40.                 } catch (IOException e) { 
41.                     e.printStackTrace(); 
42.                 } 
43.                 finally{ 
44.                     try { 
45.                         if (null != socket){ 
46.                             socket.close(); 
47.                         } 
48.                     } catch (IOException e) { 
49.                         e.printStackTrace(); 
50.                     } 
51.                 } 
52.             } 
53.         }); 
54.     } 
55. } 

布局文件：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
3.     android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
4.     android:layout_height="fill_parent"> 
5.     <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
6.         android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> 
7.     <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:id="@+id/editText1" 
8.         android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
9.         android:hint="input the message and click the send button" 
10.         ></EditText> 
11.     <Button android:text="send" android:id="@+id/button1" 
12.         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> 
13. </LinearLayout> 

启动服务器：

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1. javac com/test/socket/Server.java 
2. java com.test.socket.Server 

运行客户端程序：

结果如图：

注意：服务器与客户端无法链接的可能原因有：
没有加访问网络的权限：<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
IP地址要使用：10.0.2.2
模拟器不能配置代理。

2。Apache接口
对于大部分应用程序而言JDK本身提供的网络功能已远远不够，这时就需要Android提供的Apache HttpClient了。它是一个开源项目，功能更加完善，为客户端的Http编程提供高效、最新、功能丰富的工具包支持。
下面我们以一个简单例子来看看如何使用HttpClient在Android客户端访问Web。
首先，要在你的机器上搭建一个web应用myapp，只有很简单的一个http.jsp
内容如下：

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1. <%@page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> 
2. <html> 
3. <head> 
4. <title> 
5. Http Test 
6. </title> 
7. </head> 
8. <body> 
9. <% 
10. String type = request.getParameter("parameter"); 
11. String result = new String(type.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8"); 
12. out.println("<h1>" + result + "</h1>"); 
13. %> 
14. </body> 
15. </html> 

然后实现Android客户端，分别以post、get方式去访问myapp,代码如下：
布局文件：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
3.     android:orientation="vertical" 
4.     android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
5.     android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
6.     > 
7. <TextView 
8.     android:gravity="center" 
9.     android:id="@+id/textView"   
10.     android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
11.     android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
12.     android:text="@string/hello" 
13.     /> 
14. <Button android:text="get" android:id="@+id/get" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> 
15. <Button android:text="post" android:id="@+id/post" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> 
16. </LinearLayout> 

资源文件：
strings.xml

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
2. <resources> 
3.     <string name="hello">通过按钮选择不同方式访问网页</string> 
4.     <string name="app_name">Http Get</string> 
5. </resources> 

主Activity:

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1. public class MainActivityextends Activity { 
2.     private TextView textView; 
3.     private Button get,post; 
4.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
5.     @Override 
6.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
7.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
8.         setContentView(R.layout.main); 
9.          
10.         textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView); 
11.         get = (Button)findViewById(R.id.get); 
12.         post = (Button)findViewById(R.id.post); 
13.          
14.         //绑定按钮监听器 
15.         get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { 
16.             @Override 
17.             public void onClick(View v) { 
18.                 //注意：此处ip不能用127.0.0.1或localhost,Android模拟器已将它自己作为了localhost 
19.                 String uri = "http://192.168.22.28:8080/myapp/http.jsp?parameter=以Get方式发送请求"; 
20.                 textView.setText(get(uri)); 
21.             } 
22.         }); 
23.         //绑定按钮监听器 
24.         post.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { 
25.             @Override 
26.             public void onClick(View v) { 
27.                 String uri = "http://192.168.22.28:8080/myapp/http.jsp"; 
28.                 textView.setText(post(uri)); 
29.             } 
30.         }); 
31.     } 
32.     /**
33.      * 以get方式发送请求，访问web
34.      * @param uri web地址
35.      * @return 响应数据
36.      */ 
37.     private static String get(String uri){ 
38.         BufferedReader reader = null; 
39.         StringBuffer sb = null; 
40.         String result = ""; 
41.         HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
42.         HttpGet request = new HttpGet(uri); 
43.         try { 
44.             //发送请求，得到响应 
45.             HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); 
46.              
47.             //请求成功 
48.             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ 
49.                 reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent())); 
50.                 sb = new StringBuffer(); 
51.                 String line = ""; 
52.                 String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); 
53.                 while((line = reader.readLine()) !=null){ 
54.                     sb.append(line); 
55.                 } 
56.             } 
57.         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
58.             e.printStackTrace(); 
59.         } catch (IOException e) { 
60.             e.printStackTrace(); 
61.         } 
62.         finally{ 
63.             try { 
64.                 if (null != reader){ 
65.                     reader.close(); 
66.                     reader = null; 
67.                 } 
68.             } catch (IOException e) { 
69.                 e.printStackTrace(); 
70.             } 
71.         } 
72.         if (null != sb){ 
73.             result =  sb.toString(); 
74.         } 
75.         return result; 
76.     } 
77.     /**
78.      * 以post方式发送请求，访问web
79.      * @param uri web地址
80.      * @return 响应数据
81.      */ 
82.     private static String post(String uri){ 
83.         BufferedReader reader = null; 
84.         StringBuffer sb = null; 
85.         String result = ""; 
86.         HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
87.         HttpPost request = new HttpPost(uri); 
88.          
89.         //保存要传递的参数 
90.         List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
91.         //添加参数 
92.         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("parameter","以Post方式发送请求")); 
93.          
94.         try { 
95.             //设置字符集 
96.             HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"utf-8"); 
97.             //请求对象 
98.             request.setEntity(entity); 
99.             //发送请求 
100.             HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); 
101.              
102.             //请求成功 
103.             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ 
104.                 System.out.println("post success"); 
105.                 reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent())); 
106.                 sb = new StringBuffer(); 
107.                 String line = ""; 
108.                 String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); 
109.                 while((line = reader.readLine()) !=null){ 
110.                     sb.append(line); 
111.                 } 
112.             } 
113.         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
114.             e.printStackTrace(); 
115.         } catch (IOException e) { 
116.             e.printStackTrace(); 
117.         } 
118.         finally{ 
119.             try { 
120.                 //关闭流 
121.                 if (null != reader){ 
122.                     reader.close(); 
123.                     reader = null; 
124.                 } 
125.             } catch (IOException e) { 
126.                 e.printStackTrace(); 
127.             } 
128.         } 
129.         if (null != sb){ 
130.             result =  sb.toString(); 
131.         } 
132.         return result; 
133.     } 
134. } 

运行结果如下：

3.android.net编程：
常常使用此包下的类进行Android特有的网络编程，如：访问WiFi，访问Android联网信息，邮件等功能。这里不详细讲。