用训练好的神经网络识别字符

在sample文件夹下放了一些测试字符，都是20*20的。用来识别的。同时在工程目录下放置了训练好的神经网络xml文件。如下图：

#include"opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include<iostream>
#include<io.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

const int numCharacter=10;  //这里只有0-9共10种字符
CvANN_MLP ann;

vector<string> getFiles(const string &folder,const bool all /* = true */) 
{
	vector<string> files;
	list<string> subfolders;
	subfolders.push_back(folder);

	while (!subfolders.empty()) {
		string current_folder(subfolders.back());

		if (*(current_folder.end() - 1) != '/') {    //确保地址是 “ ..../*” 结尾的
			current_folder.append("/*");
		}
		else {
			current_folder.append("*");
		}

		subfolders.pop_back();

		struct _finddata_t file_info;
		long file_handler = _findfirst(current_folder.c_str(), &file_info);

		while (file_handler != -1) 
		{
			if (all &&
				(!strcmp(file_info.name, ".") || !strcmp(file_info.name, ".."))) {
				if (_findnext(file_handler, &file_info) != 0) break;
				continue;
			}

			if (file_info.attrib & _A_SUBDIR) 
			{
				// it's a sub folder
				if (all)
				{
					// will search sub folder
					string folder(current_folder);
					folder.pop_back();         //  就是减去最后的*     string 的pop_back Delete last character   Erases the last character of the string, effectively reducing its length by one.
					folder.append(file_info.name);

					subfolders.push_back(folder.c_str());
				}
			}
			else
			{
				// it's a file
				string file_path;
				// current_folder.pop_back();
				file_path.assign(current_folder.c_str()).pop_back();
				file_path.append(file_info.name);
				  
				files.push_back(file_path);
			}

			if (_findnext(file_handler, &file_info) != 0) break;
		}  // while
		_findclose(file_handler);
	}

	return files;
}


// ！获取垂直和水平方向直方图
Mat ProjectedHistogram(Mat img, int t)
{
	int sz = (t) ? img.rows : img.cols;
	Mat mhist = Mat::zeros(1, sz, CV_32F);

	for (int j = 0; j<sz; j++) {
		Mat data = (t) ? img.row(j) : img.col(j);
		mhist.at<float>(j) = countNonZero(data);	//统计这一行或一列中，非零元素的个数，并保存到mhist中
	}

	//Normalize histogram
	double min, max;
	minMaxLoc(mhist, &min, &max);

	if (max>0)
		mhist.convertTo(mhist, -1, 1.0f / max, 0);//用mhist直方图中的最大值，归一化直方图

	return mhist;
}

Mat features(Mat in, int sizeData)
{
	//Histogram features

	Mat vhist = ProjectedHistogram(in, 0);
	Mat hhist = ProjectedHistogram(in, 1);
	//Low data feature
	Mat lowData;
	resize(in, lowData, Size(sizeData, sizeData));


	//Last 10 is the number of moments components
	int numCols = vhist.cols + hhist.cols + lowData.cols*lowData.cols;
	//int numCols = vhist.cols + hhist.cols;
	Mat out = Mat::zeros(1, numCols, CV_32F);
	//Asign values to feature,ANN的样本特征为水平、垂直直方图和低分辨率图像所组成的矢量
	int j = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i<vhist.cols; i++)
	{
		out.at<float>(j) = vhist.at<float>(i);
		j++;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i<hhist.cols; i++)
	{
		out.at<float>(j) = hhist.at<float>(i);
		j++;
	}
	for (int x = 0; x<lowData.cols; x++)
	{
		for (int y = 0; y<lowData.rows; y++) {
			out.at<float>(j) = (float)lowData.at<unsigned char>(x, y);
			j++;
		}
	}
	//if(DEBUG)
	//	cout << out << "\n===========================================\n";
	return out;
}

int recog(Mat features)
{
	int result = -1;
	Mat Predict_result(1, numCharacter, CV_32FC1);
	ann.predict(features, Predict_result);
	Point maxLoc;
	double maxVal;

	minMaxLoc(Predict_result, 0, &maxVal, 0, &maxLoc);

	return maxLoc.x;
}


void main()
{
	Mat SrcImg;
	ann.load("MyAnn.xml");  //加载训练好的神经网络xml文件

	string path="D:/CC/test_Ann/test_Ann/Sample";

	vector<string> str;
	str=getFiles(path,1);//得到每个测试图片的路径名
	for(int i=0;i<str.size();i++)
	{  //每次按键盘显示下一个字符      
		SrcImg=imread(str[i],0);
		imshow("1",SrcImg);
		 Mat ImgFeature=features(SrcImg,10);
		 cout<<"结果： "<< recog(ImgFeature)<<endl;

		 waitKey(0);
	}

}

至于怎么训练得到xml文件，还有很大的学问，下一篇写吧