16、SpringBoot2.0与主从数据库的整合（十六）

为什么需要主从数据库？

在互联网应用中，一般主库Master负责写操作的负载，也就是说一切写的操作都在Master上进行，而读的操作则分摊到从库Slave上进行。这样一来的可以大大提高读取的效率。
在一般的应用中，经过一些数据调查得出结论，读/写的比例大概在 10：1左右 ，也就是说大量的数据操作是集中在读的操作，这也就是为什么我们会有多个Slave的原因。但是为什么要分离读和写呢？熟悉DB的研发人员都道，写操作涉及到锁的问题，不管是行锁还是表锁还是块锁，都是比较降低系统执行效率的事情。我们这样的分离是把写操作集中在一个节点上，而读操作其其他的N个节点上进行，从另一个方面有效的提高了读的效率，保证了系统的高可用性。
1、首先在数据库中创建主库test1和从库test2，然后添加表结构：

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `users`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
  `userName` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `passWord` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `user_sex` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
  `nick_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

在添加数据的时候，由于user_sex字段使用到了枚举，所以只能添加MAN或WOMAN。
2、pom文件中添加依赖：

<dependencies>
		<dependency>
	        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
	    </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.0</version>
		</dependency>
	     <dependency>
	        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
	        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	    </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

3、application.properties文件中添加以下配置：

mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml

spring.datasource.test1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.test1.username=root
spring.datasource.test1.password=root
spring.datasource.test1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.test2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.test2.username=root
spring.datasource.test2.password=root
spring.datasource.test2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

4、resources文件夹下创建如下：

test1和test2下的配置文件UserMapper.xml内容相同，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.neo.mapper.test1.User1Mapper" >
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.neo.model.User" >
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
        <result column="userName" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="passWord" property="passWord" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="user_sex" property="userSex" javaType="com.neo.enums.UserSexEnum"/>
        <result column="nick_name" property="nickName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    </resultMap>
    
    <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
        id, userName, passWord, user_sex, nick_name
    </sql>

    <select id="getAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap"  >
       SELECT 
       <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
	   FROM users
    </select>

    <select id="getOne" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
        SELECT 
       <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
	   FROM users
	   WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.neo.model.User" >
       INSERT INTO 
       		users
       		(userName,passWord,user_sex) 
       	VALUES
       		(#{userName}, #{passWord}, #{userSex})
    </insert>
    
    <update id="update" parameterType="com.neo.model.User" >
       UPDATE 
       		users 
       SET 
       	<if test="userName != null">userName = #{userName},</if>
       	<if test="passWord != null">passWord = #{passWord},</if>
       	nick_name = #{nickName}
       WHERE 
       		id = #{id}
    </update>
    
    <delete id="delete" parameterType="java.lang.Long" >
       DELETE FROM
       		 users 
       WHERE 
       		 id =#{id}
    </delete>

</mapper>

mybatis-config.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
	<typeAliases>
		<typeAlias alias="Integer" type="java.lang.Integer" />
		<typeAlias alias="Long" type="java.lang.Long" />
		<typeAlias alias="HashMap" type="java.util.HashMap" />
		<typeAlias alias="LinkedHashMap" type="java.util.LinkedHashMap" />
		<typeAlias alias="ArrayList" type="java.util.ArrayList" />
		<typeAlias alias="LinkedList" type="java.util.LinkedList" />
	</typeAliases>
</configuration>

5、数据库核心类、实体类和dao文件如下：

DataSource1Config：

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.neo.mapper.test1", sqlSessionTemplateRef  = "test1SqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSource1Config {

    @Bean(name = "test1DataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.test1")
    @Primary
    public DataSource testDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean(name = "test1SqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory testSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("test1DataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mybatis/mapper/test1/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name = "test1TransactionManager")
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager testTransactionManager(@Qualifier("test1DataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "test1SqlSessionTemplate")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionTemplate testSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("test1SqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

}

DataSource2Config：

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.neo.mapper.test2", sqlSessionTemplateRef  = "test2SqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSource2Config {

    @Bean(name = "test2DataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.test2")
    public DataSource testDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean(name = "test2SqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactory testSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("test2DataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mybatis/mapper/test2/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name = "test2TransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager testTransactionManager(@Qualifier("test2DataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "test2SqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate testSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("test2SqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

}

UserSexEnum：

public enum UserSexEnum {
	MAN, WOMAN
}

User1Mapper和User2Mapper内容相同，如下：

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface User1Mapper {
	
	List<User> getAll();
	
	User getOne(Long id);

	void insert(User user);

	void update(User user);

	void delete(Long id);

}

User：

public class User implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private Long id;
	private String userName;
	private String passWord;
	private UserSexEnum userSex;
	private String nickName;

	public User() {
		super();
	}

	public User(String userName, String passWord, UserSexEnum userSex) {
		super();
		this.passWord = passWord;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.userSex = userSex;
	}

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getPassWord() {
		return passWord;
	}

	public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
		this.passWord = passWord;
	}

	public UserSexEnum getUserSex() {
		return userSex;
	}

	public void setUserSex(UserSexEnum userSex) {
		this.userSex = userSex;
	}

	public String getNickName() {
		return nickName;
	}

	public void setNickName(String nickName) {
		this.nickName = nickName;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "userName " + this.userName + ", pasword " + this.passWord + "sex " + userSex.name();
	}

}

UserController：

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private User1Mapper user1Mapper;

	@Autowired
	private User2Mapper user2Mapper;
	
	@RequestMapping("/getUsers")
	public List<User> getUsers() {
		List<User> users=user1Mapper.getAll();
		return users;
	}
	
    @RequestMapping("/getUser")
    public User getUser(Long id) {
    	User user=user2Mapper.getOne(id);
        return user;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public void save(User user) {
        user2Mapper.insert(user);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="update")
    public void update(User user) {
        user2Mapper.update(user);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        user1Mapper.delete(id);
    }
    
}

6、测试：
测试主库：在浏览器中输入：http://localhost:8080/getUsers

数据库test1中的数据：

测试从库：在浏览器中输入：

http://localhost:8080/getUser?id=2

数据库test2中的数据：