为什么需要主从数据库?
在互联网应用中,一般主库Master负责写操作的负载,也就是说一切写的操作都在Master上进行,而读的操作则分摊到从库Slave上进行。这样一来的可以大大提高读取的效率。
在一般的应用中,经过一些数据调查得出结论,读/写的比例大概在 10:1左右 ,也就是说大量的数据操作是集中在读的操作,这也就是为什么我们会有多个Slave的原因。但是为什么要分离读和写呢?熟悉DB的研发人员都道,写操作涉及到锁的问题,不管是行锁还是表锁还是块锁,都是比较降低系统执行效率的事情。我们这样的分离是把写操作集中在一个节点上,而读操作其其他的N个节点上进行,从另一个方面有效的提高了读的效率,保证了系统的高可用性。
1、首先在数据库中创建主库test1和从库test2,然后添加表结构:
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `users`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
`userName` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`passWord` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
`user_sex` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
`nick_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
在添加数据的时候,由于user_sex字段使用到了枚举,所以只能添加MAN或WOMAN。
2、pom文件中添加依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3、application.properties文件中添加以下配置:
mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
spring.datasource.test1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.test1.username=root
spring.datasource.test1.password=root
spring.datasource.test1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.test2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.test2.username=root
spring.datasource.test2.password=root
spring.datasource.test2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
4、resources文件夹下创建如下:
test1和test2下的配置文件UserMapper.xml内容相同,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.neo.mapper.test1.User1Mapper" >
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.neo.model.User" >
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
<result column="userName" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="passWord" property="passWord" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="user_sex" property="userSex" javaType="com.neo.enums.UserSexEnum"/>
<result column="nick_name" property="nickName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
<sql id="Base_Column_List" >
id, userName, passWord, user_sex, nick_name
</sql>
<select id="getAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
SELECT
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
FROM users
</select>
<select id="getOne" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
SELECT
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
FROM users
WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.neo.model.User" >
INSERT INTO
users
(userName,passWord,user_sex)
VALUES
(#{userName}, #{passWord}, #{userSex})
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="com.neo.model.User" >
UPDATE
users
SET
<if test="userName != null">userName = #{userName},</if>
<if test="passWord != null">passWord = #{passWord},</if>
nick_name = #{nickName}
WHERE
id = #{id}
</update>
<delete id="delete" parameterType="java.lang.Long" >
DELETE FROM
users
WHERE
id =#{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
mybatis-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias alias="Integer" type="java.lang.Integer" />
<typeAlias alias="Long" type="java.lang.Long" />
<typeAlias alias="HashMap" type="java.util.HashMap" />
<typeAlias alias="LinkedHashMap" type="java.util.LinkedHashMap" />
<typeAlias alias="ArrayList" type="java.util.ArrayList" />
<typeAlias alias="LinkedList" type="java.util.LinkedList" />
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
5、数据库核心类、实体类和dao文件如下:
DataSource1Config:
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.neo.mapper.test1", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "test1SqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSource1Config {
@Bean(name = "test1DataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.test1")
@Primary
public DataSource testDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "test1SqlSessionFactory")
@Primary
public SqlSessionFactory testSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("test1DataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mybatis/mapper/test1/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();
}
@Bean(name = "test1TransactionManager")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager testTransactionManager(@Qualifier("test1DataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
@Bean(name = "test1SqlSessionTemplate")
@Primary
public SqlSessionTemplate testSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("test1SqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}
DataSource2Config:
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.neo.mapper.test2", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "test2SqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSource2Config {
@Bean(name = "test2DataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.test2")
public DataSource testDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "test2SqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory testSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("test2DataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mybatis/mapper/test2/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();
}
@Bean(name = "test2TransactionManager")
public DataSourceTransactionManager testTransactionManager(@Qualifier("test2DataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
@Bean(name = "test2SqlSessionTemplate")
public SqlSessionTemplate testSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("test2SqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}
UserSexEnum:
public enum UserSexEnum {
MAN, WOMAN
}
User1Mapper和User2Mapper内容相同,如下:
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface User1Mapper {
List<User> getAll();
User getOne(Long id);
void insert(User user);
void update(User user);
void delete(Long id);
}
User:
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Long id;
private String userName;
private String passWord;
private UserSexEnum userSex;
private String nickName;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String userName, String passWord, UserSexEnum userSex) {
super();
this.passWord = passWord;
this.userName = userName;
this.userSex = userSex;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassWord() {
return passWord;
}
public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
this.passWord = passWord;
}
public UserSexEnum getUserSex() {
return userSex;
}
public void setUserSex(UserSexEnum userSex) {
this.userSex = userSex;
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "userName " + this.userName + ", pasword " + this.passWord + "sex " + userSex.name();
}
}
UserController:
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private User1Mapper user1Mapper;
@Autowired
private User2Mapper user2Mapper;
@RequestMapping("/getUsers")
public List<User> getUsers() {
List<User> users=user1Mapper.getAll();
return users;
}
@RequestMapping("/getUser")
public User getUser(Long id) {
User user=user2Mapper.getOne(id);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public void save(User user) {
user2Mapper.insert(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value="update")
public void update(User user) {
user2Mapper.update(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
user1Mapper.delete(id);
}
}
6、测试:
测试主库:在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/getUsers
数据库test1中的数据:
测试从库:在浏览器中输入:
http://localhost:8080/getUser?id=2
数据库test2中的数据: