子查询语法
SELECT select_list
FROM table
WHERE expr operator
(SELECT select_list
FROM table);
子查询 (内查询) 在主查询之前一次执行完成
子查询的结果被主查询使用 (外查询)
注意事项
子查询要包含在括号内。
将子查询放在比较条件的右侧。
除非进行Top-N 分析,否则不要在子查询中使用ORDER BY 子句。
单行操作符对应单行子查询,多行操作符对应多行子查询。
执行单行子查询
SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id =
(SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141)
AND salary >
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143);
在子查询中使用组函数
SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary =
(SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees);
子查询中的 HAVING 子句
首先执行子查询。
向主查询中的HAVING 子句返回结果
SELECT department_id, MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary) >
(SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50);
多行子查询中使用 ANY 操作符
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG')
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
多行子查询中使用 ALL 操作符
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG')
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';