第一次使用NSPredicate类,这个类主要做数据过滤。比如数组根据条件过滤对象,过滤对象是否包含对象,支持正则表达式。作用等同于sql条件查询,由于是系统类,效率更高一些。
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例子1:数组根据对象属性过滤对象
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber *age;
定义一个Person类,拥有name和age属性
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
Person *person = [[Person alloc]init];
[person setAge:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:i]];
if (i<5) {
[person setName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Jack-%d",i]];
}else{
[person setName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Tom-%d",i]];
}
[array addObject:person];
}
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age>5"];
for (Person *person in array) {
if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:person]) {
NSLog(@"满足条件,我是:%@",person);
}
}
创建10个Person对象,存入array数组中
然后,创建一个predicate对象,过滤条件是age属性>5的Person对象
用for in 遍历数组,调用方式如下,evaluateWithObject是比较对象是否满足条件,满足即可打印。
如果不实用for in遍历,还可以用数组的过滤获得满足条件的新数组。
NSArray *arr = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
用如上一句代替最后的for in遍历获得新数组arr,里面存的就是满足条件age>5的Person对象。
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Cocoa用NSPredicate描述查询的方式,原理类似于在数据库中进行查询
计算谓词:
//基本的查询
NSPredicate *predicate;
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name == 'Herbie'"];
BOOL match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");
//在整个cars里面循环比较
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
NSArray *cars = [garage cars];
for (Car *car in [garage cars]) {
if ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {
NSLog (@"%@", car.name);
}
}
//输出完整的信息
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
NSArray *results;
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
//含有变量的谓词
NSPredicate *predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name == $NAME"];
NSDictionary *varDict;
varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"Herbie", @"NAME", nil];
predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
NSLog(@"SNORGLE: %@", predicate);
match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");
//注意不能使用$VARIABLE作为路径名,因为它值代表值
//谓词字符窜还支持c语言中一些常用的运算符
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
@"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"oop %@", results);
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name < 'Newton'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
//强大的数组运算符
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
@"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
NSArray *betweens = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
[NSNumber numberWithInt: 50], [NSNumber numberWithInt: 200], nil];
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@", betweens];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"];
varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @"POWERS", nil];
predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
//IN运算符
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
names = [cars valueForKey: @"name"];
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
results = [names filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];//这里限制了SELF的范围
NSLog (@"%@", results);
//BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS
//附加符号,[c],[d],[cd],c表示不区分大小写,d表示不区分发音字符,cd表示什么都不区分
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'HERB'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH[cd] 'HERB'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
//LIKE运算符(通配符)
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"];
results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
NSLog (@"%@", results);