GBString 一个可以识别GB18030编码的字符串ruby类

GBString 一个可以识别GB18030编码的ruby字符串类

GBString是一个可以识别GB18030编码的ruby字符串类，它改写了String类的一些方法，可以很方便地处理内码是GB18030/GBK/GB2312的字符串。

项目的homepage
http://rubyforge.org/projects/gbstring/

License
====================
GBString, a ruby class simliar to String class but with GB18030 encoding aware style.

Copyright (C) <2007>  <Bob Yang>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

Email: bob.yang.dev at gmail.com
====================

一、快速开始
====================
1、构造一个GBString对象
require "g_b_string"
gbstr = GBString.new("这是一个GB18030编码的字符串！") # 注意，文件的编码方式要是GB18030

或者使用下面的简单方式

gbstr = _c("这也是一个GB18303编码的字符串！")

2、按中文字符为基本单位计算字符串长度
gbstr = _c("中文串")
puts( gbstr.size ) # => 3 而不是 6

3、遍历中文字符串
_c("中文串abc").each do |char|
  puts char
end
# => 中
# => 文
# => 串
# => a
# => b
# => c

二、更多用法
====================
可以参考 test/tc_g_b_string.rb

1、each, each_with_index
  每个元素是一个中文字符，类型为String.

2、split

  cstr = _c"第一 第二  第三"
  tokens = cstr.split(" ")
  tokens[0] # => 第一
  tokens[1] # => 第二
  tokens[3] # => 第三

3、下标操作符'[ ]', 注意得到的对象是GBString类型的

  cstr = _c"甲A"
  puts( cstr[0] ) # => 甲
  puts( cstr[1] ) # => A
  puts( cstr[0].class ) # => GBString
  puts( cstr[1].class ) # => GBString
  
4、类型转换，to_a, range
  # 转换到数组, to_a
  gbstr = _c("类型map")
  array = gbstr.to_a
  puts array.size # => 5
  puts array[0]   # => 类
  puts array[3]   # => a
  
  # 作为range使用, 得到的对象是GBString类的
  gbstr = _c"This is a /"中文字符串/"！"
  puts( gbstr[10..16] )   # => "中文字符串"
  puts( gbstr[-8..-1] )   # => "中文字符串"！
  puts( gbstr[10, 7] )    # => "中文字符串"
  
5、作为Hash的key使用, 与相同内容的String对象相等.
  hash = {_c("中国")=>1, _c("贵州省")=>2, _c("贵阳市")=>3}
  puts( hash[_c("贵阳市")] )   # => 3
  puts( hash["贵阳市"] )       # => 3
  
三、运行单元测试
====================
进入 test 目录，运行 ruby tc_g_b_string.rb 即可。
如果一切正常，会提示：
7 tests, 56 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors