Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Second Edition)_portable network graphics" image is not valid-CSDN博客

This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images. PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits.

PNG is designed to work well in online viewing applications, such as the World Wide Web, so it is fully streamable with a progressive display option. PNG is robust, providing both full file integrity checking and simple detection of common transmission errors. Also, PNG can store gamma and chromaticity data for improved color matching on heterogeneous platforms.

This specification defines an Internet Media Type image/png.

Status of this document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This document is the 14 October 2003 W3C Recommendation of the PNG specification, second edition. It is also International Standard, ISO/IEC 15948:2003. The two documents have exactly identical content except for cover page and boilerplate differences as appropriate to the two organisations.

This International Standard is strongly based on the W3C Recommendation 'PNG Specification Version 1.0' which was reviewed by W3C members, approved as a W3C Recommendation and published in October 1996. This second edition incorporates all known errata and clarifications.

A complete review of the document has been done by ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 24 in collaboration with W3C and the PNG development group (the original authors of the PNG 1.0 Recommendation) in order to transform that Recommendation into an ISO/IEC international standard. A major design goal during this review was to avoid changes that will invalidate existing files, editors, or viewers that conform to W3C Recommendation PNG Specification Version 1.0.

The PNG specification enjoys a good level of implementation with good interoperability. At the time of this publication more than 180 image viewers could display PNG images and over 100 image editors could read and write valid PNG files. Full support of PNG is required for conforming SVG viewers; at the time of publication all eighteen SVG viewers had PNG support. HTML has no required image formats, but over 60 HTML browsers had at least basic support of PNG images.

Public comments on this W3C Recommendation are welcome. Please send them to the archived list png-group@w3.org .

The latest information regarding patent disclosures related to this document is available on the Web. As of this publication, the PNG Group are not aware of any royalty-bearing patents they believe to be essential to PNG.

This document has been produced by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC24 and the PNG Group as part of the Graphics Activity within the W3C Interaction Domain.

Note: To provide the highest quality images, this specification uses SVG diagrams with a PNG fallback using the HTML object element. SVG-enabled browsers will see the SVG figures with selectable text, other browsers will display the raster PNG version.

W3C is aware that there is a known incompatibility between the unsupported beta of Adobe SVG plugin for Linux and Mozilla versions greater than 0.9.9 due to changes in the plug-in API, causing a browser crash. Therefore, a normative PNG-only alternative version is available that does not use an object element. The two versions are otherwise identical.

Available languages

The English version of this specification is the only normative version. However, for translations in other languages see http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Translation/.

Introduction

The design goals for this International Standard were:

Portability: encoding, decoding, and transmission should be software and hardware platform independent.
Completeness: it should be possible to represent truecolour, indexed-colour, and greyscale images, in each case with the option of transparency, colour space information, and ancillary information such as textual comments.
Serial encode and decode: it should be possible for datastreams to be generated serially and read serially, allowing the datastream format to be used for on-the-fly generation and display of images across a serial communication channel.
Progressive presentation: it should be possible to transmit datastreams so that an approximation of the whole image can be presented initially, and progressively enhanced as the datastream is received.
Robustness to transmission errors: it should be possible to detect datastream transmission errors reliably.
Losslessness: filtering and compression should preserve all information.
Performance: any filtering, compression, and progressive image presentation should be aimed at efficient decoding and presentation. Fast encoding is a less important goal than fast decoding. Decoding speed may be achieved at the expense of encoding speed.
Compression: images should be compressed effectively, consistent with the other design goals.
Simplicity: developers should be able to implement the standard easily.
Interchangeability: any standard-conforming PNG decoder shall be capable of reading all conforming PNG datastreams.
Flexibility: future extensions and private additions should be allowed for without compromising the interchangeability of standard PNG datastreams.
Freedom from legal restrictions: no algorithms should be used that are not freely available.