SharedPreferences 进程间共享（英语写的比较简单就不翻译了）

As I wrote in previous post , where I described how to use preferences system, SharedPreferences object can be created and opened with Context mode constants. These constants allows to define who has access to what preference. Also it is not a secret that data contains in xml file. As I said constants allows to define access to preferences and it is not a problem to have access from other application to these files. I am going to show example how you can access preferences from other application. There is one thing which you need to understand. You create and open preferences via Context . So, to use files from other application you need to use that application’s Context .

I will show 2 simple examples. One of them stores data, other gets data.

[java]  view plain copy

1. import android.app.Activity;  
2. import android.content.Context;  
3. import android.content.SharedPreferences;  
4. import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;  
5. import android.os.Bundle;  
6. import android.view.View;  
7. import android.widget.Button;  
8. import android.widget.EditText;  
9. /** 
10.  * Class which shows how to store preferences 
11.  * 
12.  * @author FaYnaSoft Labs 
13.  */  
14. public class Main extends Activity {  
15.     public static final String PREFS_PRIVATE = "PREFS_PRIVATE";  
16.     public static final String KEY_PRIVATE = "KEY_PRIVATE";  
17.     public static final String PREFS_READ = "PREFS_READ";  
18.     public static final String KEY_READ = "KEY_READ";  
19.     public static final String PREFS_WRITE = "PREFS_WRITE";  
20.     public static final String KEY_WRITE = "KEY_WRITE";  
21.     public static final String PREFS_READ_WRITE = "PREFS_READ_WRITE";  
22.     public static final String KEY_READ_WRITE = "KEY_READ_WRITE";  
23.     private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;  
24.     private EditText privateField;  
25.     private Button  privateBtn;  
26.     private EditText readField;  
27.     private Button  readBtn;  
28.     private EditText writeField;  
29.     private Button  writeBtn;  
30.     private EditText read_writeField;  
31.     private Button  read_writeBtn;  
32.     @Override  
33.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
34.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
35.         setContentView(R.layout.main);  
36.         privateField = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.privateId);  
37.         privateBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.privateBtn);  
38.         privateBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
39.             @Override  
40.             public void onClick(View v) {  
41.                 sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_PRIVATE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);  
42.                 Editor prefsPrivateEditor = sharedPreferences.edit();  
43.                 prefsPrivateEditor.putString(KEY_PRIVATE, privateField.getText().toString());  
44.                 prefsPrivateEditor.commit();  
45.                 privateField.setText("");  
46.             }  
47.         });  
48.         readField = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.readId);  
49.         readBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.readBtn);  
50.         readBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
51.             @Override  
52.             public void onClick(View v) {  
53.                 sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_READ, Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE);  
54.                 Editor prefsPrivateEditor = sharedPreferences.edit();  
55.                 prefsPrivateEditor.putString(KEY_READ, readField.getText().toString());  
56.                 prefsPrivateEditor.commit();  
57.                 readField.setText("");  
58.             }  
59.         });  
60.         writeField = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.writeId);  
61.         writeBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.writeBtn);  
62.         writeBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
63.             @Override  
64.             public void onClick(View v) {  
65.                 sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_WRITE, Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);  
66.                 Editor prefsPrivateEditor = sharedPreferences.edit();  
67.                 prefsPrivateEditor.putString(KEY_WRITE, writeField.getText().toString());  
68.                 prefsPrivateEditor.commit();  
69.                 writeField.setText("");  
70.             }  
71.         });  
72.         read_writeField = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.read_writeId);  
73.         read_writeBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.read_writeBtn);  
74.         read_writeBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
75.             @Override  
76.             public void onClick(View v) {  
77.                 sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_READ_WRITE, Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE + Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);  
78.                 Editor prefsPrivateEditor = sharedPreferences.edit();  
79.                 prefsPrivateEditor.putString(KEY_READ_WRITE, read_writeField.getText().toString());  
80.                 prefsPrivateEditor.commit();  
81.                 read_writeField.setText("");  
82.             }  
83.         });  
84.     }  
85. }  

 

 

As you can see it is simple example which stores preferences with several permission modes.
Now I am going to show how you can access other application’s Context :

[java]  view plain copy

1. Context otherAppsContext = createPackageContext("other.application.package", mode);  

 

This method creates other application’s Context , you only need to know package name. And after you can get preferences using otherAppsContext .

 

 

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

/**
 * Class which shows how to get preferences from other application
 * @author FaYnaSoft Labs
 *
 */
public class Main2 extends Activity {

    public static final String PREFS_PRIVATE = "PREFS_PRIVATE";
    public static final String KEY_PRIVATE = "KEY_PRIVATE";
    public static final String PREFS_READ = "PREFS_READ";
    public static final String KEY_READ = "KEY_READ";
    public static final String PREFS_WRITE = "PREFS_WRITE";
    public static final String KEY_WRITE = "KEY_WRITE";
    public static final String PREFS_READ_WRITE = "PREFS_READ_WRITE";
    public static final String KEY_READ_WRITE = "KEY_READ_WRITE";

    private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;

    private EditText privateId;
    private EditText read;
    private EditText write;
    private EditText readWrite;
    private Button btn;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        privateId = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.privateId);
        read = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.read);
        write = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.write);
        readWrite = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.read_write);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.requestFocus();

        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Context otherAppsContext = null;
                try {
                    otherAppsContext = createPackageContext("com.faynasoftlabs.tutorial.android.sharedpreferences", 0);
                } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
                }

                sharedPreferences = otherAppsContext.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_PRIVATE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                privateId.setText(sharedPreferences.getString(KEY_PRIVATE, "PRIVATE EMPTY"));

                sharedPreferences = null;

                sharedPreferences = otherAppsContext.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_READ, Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);
                read.setText(sharedPreferences.getString(KEY_READ, "WORLD READ EMPTY"));

                sharedPreferences = null;

                sharedPreferences = otherAppsContext.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_WRITE, Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);
                write.setText(sharedPreferences.getString(KEY_WRITE, "WORLD WRITE EMPTY"));

                sharedPreferences = null;

                sharedPreferences = otherAppsContext.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_READ_WRITE, Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE + Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);
                readWrite.setText(sharedPreferences.getString(KEY_READ_WRITE, "WORLD READ WRITE EMPTY"));

                sharedPreferences = null;
            }
        });
    }
}

 

 

As you can see I used

 

[java]  view plain copy

1. otherAppsContext = createPackageContext("com.faynasoftlabs.tutorial.android.sharedpreferences", 0);  

 for creating Context for my other application. And after that I got preferences from that application.

Also you should understand that you can’t get all preferences. When you will receive results you will see thatPRIVATE and WORLD_WRITABLE aren’t available. PRIVATE is ok, but why WORLD_WRITABLE ?
 
It is Linux file system and as you can see on the image WORLD_WRITABLE (PREFS_WRITE ) doesn’t have read permission for other group.

In my point of view it is very great solution when you have several installed applications, and you want to share some simple data without building some protocols for communication.
But you can use it not only in this case.

I hope that it was useful article for you.