- 使用springboot构建商品服务
1.1IDEA新建Item-Service项目,引入web、jpa、mysq驱动、junit测试包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yf.cn</groupId>
<artifactId>item-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>item-service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
1.2修改resources目录下的application.properties为application.yml,并添加对应的配置
server:
port: 7900
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: 123456
jpa:
database: mysql
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
1.3在主包结构com.yf.cn下新建entity包,并新建Item实体类
package com.yf.cn.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_item")
public class Item {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
@Column
private String name;
@Column
private String url;
}
1.4在主包结构com.yf.cn下新建repository包,并新建ItemRepository接口,并继承(extends)Repository(org.springframework.data.repository.Repository)接口
package com.yf.cn.repository;
import com.yf.cn.entity.Item;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface ItemRepository extends org.springframework.data.repository.Repository<Item,Long> {
}
1.5编写测试类,测试Item新增
package com.yf.cn.repository;
import com.yf.cn.entity.Item;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestItem {
@Autowired
private ItemRepository itemRepository;
@Test
public void testSaveItem(){
Item item = new Item();
item.setName("尿不湿");
item.setUrl("http://123.jpg");
itemRepository.save(item);
}
}
1.6在主包结构com.yf.cn下新建controller包,并新建ItemController
package com.yf.cn.controller;
import com.yf.cn.entity.Item;
import com.yf.cn.repository.ItemRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Optional;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/item/")
public class ItemController {
@Autowired
private ItemRepository itemRepository;
@RequestMapping("getById/{id}")
public Optional<Item> getById(@PathVariable Long id){
Optional<Item> item = itemRepository.findById(id);
return item;
}
}
1.7在浏览器输入访问链接http://localhost:7900/item/getById/6,可以看到已经能正常查询获取到数据
2. 使用spring构建订单微服务
2.1新建订单微服务Order-service,引入web模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yf.cn</groupId>
<artifactId>order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order-service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.2修改resources目录下的application.properties为application.yml,并添加对应的配置
server:
port: 7901
2.3编写OrderController进行item-service服务调用(RestTemplate)
package com.yf.cn.controller;
import com.yf.cn.entity.Item;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order/")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("getById/{id}")
public Item getItemByItemService(@PathVariable Long id){
Item item = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:7900/item/getById/"+id,Item.class);
return item;
}
}
2.4浏览器输入访问链接查看执行结果
2.5调用item-service服务成功
-
订单微服务调用商品微服务(spring cloud)
3.1细心的读者会发现,在上面订单服务调用商品服务,服务的地址是写死在订单服务中的,这种应硬编码在商品的部署环境发生变化后,需要在订单服务的代码中修改调佣路径;如果商品微服务存在多个,在订单微服务中路径又该怎么写呢?带着这些疑问我们来了解spring cloud,spring cloud将带领你逐一解答这些疑问。
3.2spring cloud 通过服务注册和服务发现机制来完成
3.3由上图可以看出
3.3.1服务提供者将服务注册到注册中心
3.3.2服务消费者通过注册中心查找服务
3.3.3查找到服务后进行调用(无需硬编码解决方案)
3.3.4服务的喜爱费者与服务注册中心保持心跳连接,一旦服务提供者的地址发生变更时,注册中心会通知服务消费者
3.4注册中心:Eureka
spring 提供了多种注册中心的支持,如eureka、consul、Zookeeper。
3.5原理:
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client -
Eureka提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后会在Eureka中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表将会存储所有可用服务节点信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面直观看到
-
Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化和Eureka Server的交互,客户端内置一个使用轮训负载算法的负载均衡器
-
在应用启动后,将会想Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个周期没有收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个节点移除(默认90s)
-
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式同步数据,Eureka 还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的ApI。综上Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存机制确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。
3.6创建Eureka Server服务,引入spring cloud坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yf.cn</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.6.1修改该resource下的application.properties文件为application.yml,并进行端口和服务地址等配置
###服务端口号
server:
port: 8101
###服务名称
spring:
application:
name: app-eureka-server
eureka:
instance:
#注册中心地址
hostname: 127.0.0.1
###客户端调用地址
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8101/eureka/
###是否将自己注册到Eureka服务中,因为该应用本身就是注册中心,不需要再注册自己(集群的时候为true)
register-with-eureka: false
###是否从Eureka中获取注册信息,因为自己为注册中心,不会在该应用中的检索服务信息
fetch-registry: false
3.6.2在启动类中添加@EnableEurekaServer,启动服务,在浏览器输入ip和端口查看状态,至此注册中心服务已经搭建成功
3.7将商品服务和订单服务注册到注册服务中心
3.7.1修改商品服务的pom文件,添加spring cloud和Eureka Client坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yf.cn</groupId>
<artifactId>item-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>item-service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.7.2在application.yml中添加注册的服务名称和注册的服务地址
yml最终的配置为:
server:
port: 7901
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: 123456
jpa:
database: mysql
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
application:
name: app-item
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8101/eureka
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
3.7.3在启动类中添加@EnableEurekaClient
package com.yf.cn;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ItemServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ItemServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.7.4启动item-service在注册中心查看,可以看到app-item已经注册到了服务中心
3.7.5注册订单服务到注册中心,修改订单微服务pom文件,添加spring cloud和Eureka Client坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yf.cn</groupId>
<artifactId>order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>order-service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.7.6修改yml配置文件,添加注册的服务名称和注册的服务中心的地址
3.7.7修改启动类,在RestTemplate类上方添加@LoadBalanced注解(必须添加),启动类添加@EnableEurekaClient注解,启动服务
3.7.8修改OrderController改为由服务名称调用商品服务
package com.yf.cn.controller;
import com.yf.cn.entity.Item;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order/")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Value("${server-name.item}")
private String itemServerUrl;
@RequestMapping("getById/{id}")
public Item getItemByItemService(@PathVariable Long id){
Item item = restTemplate.getForObject(itemServerUrl+"item/getById/"+id,Item.class);
return item;
}
}
发现依然可以正常调用,至此微服务架构搭建完成。