NGINX的安装和目录结构

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 08:30:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 08:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： nginx 文章标签： nginx

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yanghuadong_1992/article/details/112397292

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nginx是一个高性能的http服务器端软件，

安装nginx通常会使用如下两种方法：

方法一、通过操作系统的包管理器进行安装。

方法二、在官方网站下载源代码，编译安装。

方法一和二的优缺点

方法一的缺点就是：我们在安装nginx时，无法自定义安装哪些"模块"。"模块"是个什么东西呢？说到"模块"就要提到一个概念了，nginx的结构是高度模块化的，不同的模块，拥有不同的功能，所以，如果我们想要在使用nginx时能够使用某些特定的功能，则必须要安装对应的模块才行，但是通过"方法一"安装的nginx包都是预先编译好的，哪些模块已经编译进去，哪些模块没有编译进去都是已经确定了的，所以，使用方法一的缺点就是没有办法自定义安装相应的模块，不过话说回来，通过"方法一"安装nginx以后，一些常用的，基本的模块也都是包含的，所以，我们在刚开始使用nginx时，可以使用这种方法快速方便的安装nginx。

而方法二的优缺点正好与方法一的优缺点相对应，方法二的优点就是我们可以自定义，哪些模块需要安装，哪些模块不需要安装，定制化比较高，如果想要使用第三方模块，则必须使用编译安装的方式，缺点就是编译安装，没有通过包管理器方便快捷，升级时也相对没有那么方便。

方法一:

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install -y nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:37:02 ago on Sat 09 Jan 2021 04:36:47 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Arch   Version                             Repository     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx           x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP 569 k
Installing dependencies:
 nginx-all-modules
                 noarch 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  23 k
 nginx-filesystem
                 noarch 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  24 k
 nginx-mod-http-image-filter
                 x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  34 k
 nginx-mod-http-perl
                 x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  45 k
 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
                 x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  33 k
 nginx-mod-mail  x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  64 k
 nginx-mod-stream
                 x86_64 1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef localREPO_APP  85 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  8 Packages

Total size: 878 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-filesystem-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   1/8 
  Installing       : nginx-filesystem-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   1/8 
  Installing       : nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+25   2/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+25   2/8 
  Installing       : nginx-mod-http-perl-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936   3/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-mod-http-perl-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936   3/8 
  Installing       : nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+250   4/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+250   4/8 
  Installing       : nginx-mod-mail-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x   5/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-mod-mail-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x   5/8 
  Installing       : nginx-all-modules-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936ce   6/8 
  Installing       : nginx-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64       7/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64       7/8 
  Installing       : nginx-mod-stream-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   8/8 
  Running scriptlet: nginx-mod-stream-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   8/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64       1/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-all-modules-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936ce   2/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-filesystem-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   3/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+25   4/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-mod-http-perl-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936   5/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+250   6/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-mod-mail-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x   7/8 
  Verifying        : nginx-mod-stream-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef   8/8 
Installed products updated.

Installed:
  nginx-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64                              
  nginx-all-modules-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.noarch                  
  nginx-filesystem-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.noarch                   
  nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64        
  nginx-mod-http-perl-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64                
  nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64         
  nginx-mod-mail-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64                     
  nginx-mod-stream-1:1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.x86_64                   

Complete!

查看下载安装的版本信息

[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -qi nginx
Name        : nginx
Epoch       : 1
Version     : 1.14.1
Release     : 8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sat 09 Jan 2021 06:13:51 PM CST
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 1734589
License     : BSD
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 14 Dec 2018 09:46:48 AM CST, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51
Source RPM  : nginx-1.14.1-8.module+el8+2505+fe936cef.src.rpm
Build Date  : Fri 14 Dec 2018 09:08:40 AM CST
Build Host  : x86-vm-06.build.eng.bos.redhat.com
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
Vendor      : Red Hat, Inc.
URL         : http://nginx.org/
Summary     : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server
Description :
Nginx is a web server and a reverse proxy server for HTTP, SMTP, POP3 and
IMAP protocols, with a strong focus on high concurrency, performance and low
memory usage.
[root@linuxprobe ~]#

查看yum安装的各个配置文件的目录结构

[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -ql nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/mime.types.default
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/usr/bin/nginx-upgrade
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/da
/usr/lib/.build-id/da/69b2987b23fef9703639bab74a4a68f6fcfa6f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/nginx/README
/usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic
/usr/share/licenses/nginx
/usr/share/licenses/nginx/LICENSE
/usr/share/man/man3/nginx.3pm.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx-upgrade.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
/usr/share/nginx/html/404.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/nginx-logo.png
/usr/share/nginx/html/poweredby.png
/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/ftdetect/nginx.vim
/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/indent/nginx.vim
/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/syntax/nginx.vim
/var/lib/nginx
/var/lib/nginx/tmp
/var/log/nginx
[root@linuxprobe ~]#

二进制编译安装

下载压缩包

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

解压

tar -xvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

安装依赖插件

yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y pcre-devel 
yum install -y zlib-devel 
yum install -y openssl-devel  
yum install -y libxslt-devel 
yum install -y GeoIP-devel 
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed

mkdir -p /nginx

mv /root/nginx-1.14.2/* /nginx/

现在开始执行configure 脚本

./configure --prefix=/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module

或者使用更多的参数

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/subsys/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre

编译 make

安装 make install

查看nginx的目录结构

[root@myserver_2 nginx]# pwd
/nginx
[root@myserver_2 nginx]# ll
total 744
drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001   4096 Jan  9 17:21 auto
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 288742 Dec  4  2018 CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 440121 Dec  4  2018 CHANGES.ru
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 Jan  9 17:49 conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001   2502 Dec  4  2018 configure
drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001     72 Jan  9 17:21 contrib
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001     40 Jan  9 17:21 html
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001   1397 Dec  4  2018 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    336 Jan  9 17:39 Makefile
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001     21 Jan  9 17:21 man
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Jan  9 17:40 objs
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001     49 Dec  4  2018 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     19 Jan  9 17:41 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001     91 Jan  9 17:21 src
[root@myserver_2 nginx]#

yum安装的默认配置和二进制编译安装的配置文件有区别

[root@linuxprobe nginx]# egrep -v '#|^$' nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

二进制编译安装的配置文件

[root@myserver_2 nginx]# egrep -v '^$|#' conf/nginx.conf 
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@myserver_2 nginx]#

默认启动方式有区别

yum 安装的可以在任意目录下nginx

[root@linuxprobe ~]# nginx
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      64882      1  0 18:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     64883  64882  0 18:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     64884  64882  0 18:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root      64886  58588  0 18:31 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@linuxprobe ~]#

二进制默认启动当时要指定路径下

启动报错(nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open())

[root@myserver_2 sbin]# ./nginx 
nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/nginx/logs/error.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)
2021/01/09 18:33:13 [emerg] 23594#0: open() "/nginx/logs/access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)

创建目录即可

[root@myserver_2 sbin]# mkdir -p /nginx/logs/

[root@myserver_2 sbin]# ./nginx 
[root@myserver_2 sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      23605      1  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody    23606  23605  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root      23608  17737  0 18:34 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@myserver_2 sbin]# pwd
/nginx/sbin
[root@myserver_2 sbin]#

二进程安装之后也可以直接nginx启动，但是要在配置环境变量

通过yum源安装nginx后，nignx二进制文件默认会放在/usr/sbin/目录中，而这个目录正好属于默认环境变量PATH变量中的一部分，所以，如果你通过编译安装的方式安装了nginx，也可以将nginx的安装目录中的/sbin目录配置到PATH环境变量中，以便在任何路径中都可以直接使用nginx命令，以我的编译安装环境作为示例，步骤如下:

1、创建/etc/profile.d/nginx.sh文件，以便写入环境变量配置。
2、在/etc/profile.d/nginx.sh文件中写入如下内容：
nginx_home=/nginx
PATH=$nginx_home/sbin:$PATH
export PATH

3、使用如下命令重载刚才的配置
# source /etc/profile

nginx常用的命令:

不加选项：启动nginx服务

-h或-?选项：查看nginx命令帮助

-v选项：查看nginx版本信息

-V选项：查看nginx编译信息

-c选项：启动nginx时指定主配置文件

-t或-T选项：测试nginx.conf文件是否存在语法错误

-s选项：向正在运行的nginx主进程发送信号，信号的可用值有stop, quit, reopen, reload

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NGINX的安装和目录结构

nginx是一个高性能的http服务器端软件，安装nginx通常会使用如下两种方法：方法一、通过操作系统的包管理器进行安装。方法二、在官方网站下载源代码，编译安装。方法一和二的优缺点方法一的缺点就是：我们在安装nginx时，无法自定义安装哪些"模块"。"模块"是个什么东西呢？说到"模块"就要提到一个概念了，nginx的结构是高度模块化的，不同的模块，拥有不同的功能，所以，如果我们想要在使用nginx时能够使用某些特定的功能，则必须要安装对应的模块才行，但是通过"方法一"安装的nginx包
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