Ruby中，ActiveRecord 初次使用心得（一）

自己要写一个将csv文件数据导入数据库的Ruby程序，用到了ActiveRecord，程序如下：

require 'csv'
require 'rubygems'
require 'active_record'
require 'yaml'

class_name = ARGV[0].split('/').last.split('.')[0]

eval("
        class #{class_name} < ActiveRecord::Base
        end
     ")                                                   #Create class dynamicly

class Import_csv_data

  def initialize(csv_file_path)    #Method initialization gets csv_file_path form command line   
    if csv_file_path.eql?(nil)
      puts 'Please ruby the file with csv file path, such as "ruby example.rb /home/..example.csv"'
    else     
        @table_name = csv_file_path.split('/').last.split('.')[0]
        @csv_file_path = csv_file_path
        @field_num = 0
    end
  end
 
  def import_data()    #Main Method. invoke Method read_csv_file, connect_db
    if @table_name
      connect_db()
      all_data = read_csv_file()
      1.upto(all_data.length - 1) do |data_index|
        data = []
        sql = make_sql(all_data, data_index)
        puts sql
        eval("
              data = #{@table_name}.find_by_sql \"#{sql}\"
             ")
                                        
        if data.eql?([])                                      
          Object::const_get(@table_name).new do |value|
            0.upto(all_data[0].length - 2) do |num|
              eval("
              value.#{all_data[0][num]} = #{all_data[data_index][num]}
                   ")                                       
            end
            value.save                                         
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
 
  private
  def read_csv_file()    #Method read_csv_file is to get data from csv file, return all_data which
                         #is two-dimensional array.
    all_data = []
    CSV.open(@csv_file_path,'r') do |row|
      all_data << row
      @field_num = row.length - 1
    end
    return all_data
  end
 
  def connect_db()    #Method is to connect DB
    db_config = YAML.load(File.open("db_config.yaml"))    #Get congfigrat
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:adapter  => db_config["adapter"],
                                            :host     => db_config["host"],
                                            :username => db_config["username"],
                                            :password => db_config["password"],
                                            :database => db_config["database"])
    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
  end

  def make_sql(all_data, data_index)  #Method is to make sql query
    table_name = @table_name.downcase
    sql = "select * from #{table_name} where "
    1.upto(ARGV.length - 1) do |argv_index|
      unless argv_index == 1
        sql << " and "
      end
        sql << "#{all_data[0][ARGV[argv_index].to_i]} = #{all_data[data_index][ARGV[argv_index].to_i]}"
    end
    return sql
  end

end

Import_csv_data.new(ARGV[0]).import_data()

功能不算复杂，编写的过程却异常艰难：

  1，因为要做到通用性，根据csv文件的名字将数据导入相应的表中，所以继承于ActiveRecord::Base的类要动态生成，这里，我用了最简单的方法：eval（“ your codes ”），其实，还有很多其他的方法，例如，Object::const_set(@table_name)，等等。

  2，在用到ActiveRecord包时，遇到复合主键的问题，因为ActiveRecord不支持复合主键，所以我自己编写了SQL语句，但是在调用方法#{@table_name}.find_by_sql 时，总是报语法错误，反复调试后，发现在SQL语句两边加双引号 \"#{sql}\" 后，问题解决。