CoreData 深入理解2 (iOS5 以后线程安全与同步)

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I've seen a few videos / threads that say it's possible to create 'children' MOCs -- MOCs that use other MOCs as their persistant stores. Useful, for example, in a context where you're threading your application, and want to have a single master MOC that can save / rollback the changes that the child threads create. (From what I understand, a MOC and it's managedObjects MUST all be used on the same thread) The question is, how do I create a child MOC? I can't track down the WWDC videos I was watching that introduced them, and everything I"ve seen has been talking about how to use them ONCE they're made. I can easily alloc a new MOC, but how do I set it's persistent store to be another MOC? The reference doesn't show any functions that do that! objective-c  ios  xcode  core-data  nsmanagedobjectcontext share | improve this question edited Dec 31 '12 at 12:07 flexaddicted 14.3k 9 48 97 asked  Sep 4 '12 at 21:15 RonLugge 1,701 1 9 24

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Create a new MOC for which you are in total control of the synchronization. This is the same as calling init and the same behavior as pre-parent/child relationships. <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> alloc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">]</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> initWithConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSConfinementConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span></code> You parent a MOC to another MOC by setting its property: <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">parentContext </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> someOtherMocThatIsNowMyParent</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">;</span></code> Here, the child chooses the parent. I'm sure my kids wish they were NSManagedObjectContexts. A parent context must be of either NSPrivateQueueConcurrencyType or NSMainQueueConcurrencyType. You can create a MOC that is "bound" to a private queue: <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> alloc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">]</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> initWithConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSPrivateQueueConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span></code> which means you should only access it via the performBlock or performBlockAndWait API. You can call those methods from any thread as they will ensure proper serialization of the code in the block. For example... <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> alloc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">]</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> initWithConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSPrivateQueueConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> moc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">parentContext </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> someOtherMocThatIsNowMyParent</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc performBlock</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:^{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// All code running in this block will be automatically serialized</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// with respect to all other performBlock or performBlockAndWait</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// calls for this same MOC.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// Access "moc" to your heart's content inside these blocks of code.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">}];</span></code> The difference between performBlock and performBlockAndWait is that performBlock will create a block of code, and schedule it with Grand Central Dispatch to be executed asynchronously at some time in the future, on some unknown thread. The method call will return immediately. performBlockAndWait will do some magic synchronization with all the other performBlock calls, and when all the blocks that have been presented prior to this one are done, this block will execute. The calling thread will pend until this call has completed. You can also create a MOC that is "bound" to the main thread, just like private concurrency. <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSManagedObjectContext</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> alloc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">]</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> initWithConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">NSMainQueueConcurrencyType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> moc</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">parentContext </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> someOtherMocThatIsNowMyParent</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">moc performBlock</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:^{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// All code running in this block will be automatically serialized</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// with respect to all other performBlock or performBlockAndWait</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// calls for this same MOC. Furthermore, it will be serialized with</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// respect to the main thread as well, so this code will run in the</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// main thread -- which is important if you want to do UI work or other</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">// stuff that requires the main thread.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">}];</span></code> which means you should only access it directly if you know you are on the main thread, or via the performBlock or performBlockAndWait API. Now, you can use the "main concurrency" MOC either via the performBlock methods, or directly if you know you are already running in the main thread. share | improve this answer answered  Sep 4 '12 at 22:10 Jody Hagins 13.4k 1 17 34

Thank you for such an (incredibly) thorough answer. –   RonLugge  Sep 4 '12 at 22:15 Hello, I know it's really old but my question isn't big enough to create a new one, I was wondering where I should call save on the context, inside the performBlock or outside ? Thank you ! –   ItsASecret  Oct 12 '13 at 16:15 Inside performBlock –   Jody Hagins  Oct 16 '13 at 1:57 add comment

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Initialize child MOC then: <code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">_childMOC performBlockAndWait</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:^{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">_childMOC setParentContext</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">parentMOC</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">}];</span></code> share | improve this answer edited Sep 4 '12 at 22:04 answered  Sep 4 '12 at 21:38 mkral 2,010 1 9 28

So... I can ACCESS MOCs accross threads, I'm just not allowed to operate (insert, delete, save, rollback) accross them? –   RonLugge  Sep 4 '12 at 21:46 1   You can call performBlock and performBlockAndWait from other threads. Not much else. –   Jody Hagins  Sep 4 '12 at 22:11