1.关于单例多例说明
1.1 关于Spring容器对象创建说明
1.Spring容器中默认的对象都是单例对象(通过构造方法实例化对象)
2.有时需要通过多例对象为用户提供服务(数据源链接)
1.2 多例对象配置
<!--4.测试单例多例 通过scope属性控制对象的单例和多例
scope="prototype" 多例设置
scope="singleton" 缺省值 单例
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.jt.pojo.User" scope="prototype"></bean>
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1.3 编辑测试方法
2. 懒加载
懒加载: 当用户需要获取对象时,容器才创建对象,称之为懒加载
说明: Spring容器中默认的规则是:容器创建则对象创建.
如果需要配置懒加载 则需要添加额外的属性
<!--4.测试单例多例 通过scope属性控制对象的单例和多例
scope="prototype" 多例设置
scope="singleton" 缺省值 单例
lazy-init="true" 开启懒加载
lazy-init="false"/lazy-init="default" 懒加载不生效
原则: 只要是多例对象 都是懒加载. 懒加载只对单例对象有效
关于懒加载说明: 一般服务器对象应该先行创建,用户直接使用即可.
多例对象: 用户使用时创建,同时将对象的生命周期交给使用者管理,
Spring不负责维护对象的生命周期
(随用随销)
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.jt.pojo.User" scope="prototype" lazy-init="true"></bean>
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3. Spring生命周期
3.1 生命周期的过程:
1.实例化对象
2.初始化操作 (一般对对象的属性赋值)
3.用户使用对象(调用其中的方法)
4.对象销毁 (一般都是释放资源)
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3.2 编辑xml配置文件
<!--
测试对象的生命周期
init-method="init" 初始化方法
destroy-method="destroy" 销毁方法
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.jt.pojo.User"
init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>
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3.3 编辑测试案例
//测试生命周期运行
@Test
public void testlife(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
//获取对象
User user = context.getBean(User.class);
//3.用户调用方法
user.say();
//4.只要容器关闭,则对象销毁
context.close();
}
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3.4 关于IOC小结
核心: 对象的创建
1.通过bean标签进行创建 属性 id/class
2.工厂模式
3.单例多例/懒加载
4.生命周期
3.5 依赖注入(DI)
3.5.1 依赖注入介绍
当某个角色(可能是一个Java实例,调用者)需要另一个角色(另一个Java实例,被调用者)的协助时,在 传统的程序设计过程中,通常由调用者来创建被调用者的实例。但在Spring里,创建被调用者的工作不再由调用者来完成,因此称为控制反转;创建被调用者 实例的工作通常由Spring容器来完成,然后注入调用者,因此也称为依赖注入。
总结: 对象中的属性**,应该由spring容器动态赋值.**
3.5.2 构建POJO属性
package com.jt.pojo; //为属性赋值的方式有2种 1.set/get 2.构造方法 alt+insert eclipse public class User {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"User{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"id="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", name='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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3.5.3 编辑xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!–管理user对象–>
<bean id=“user” class=“com.jt.pojo.User”>
<!–调用对象的set方法实现赋值 set方法必须添加–>
<property name=“id” value=“101”></property>
<property name=“name” value=“李元芳”></property>
</bean>
</beans>
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3.5.4 测试案例
3.5.5 关于DI注入说明
两种方式 1.Set注入 2.构造注入
<!--管理user对象-->
<!--<bean id="user" class="com.jt.pojo.User">
<!–调用对象的set方法实现赋值 set方法必须添加–>
<property name="id" value="101"></property>
<property name="name" value="李元芳"></property>
</bean>-->
<!–构造方法进行注入–>
<bean id=“user” class=“com.jt.pojo.User”>
<constructor-arg name=“id” value=“102”/>
<constructor-arg name=“name” value=“兰陵王”/>
</bean>
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3.6 属性注入高级用法
3.6.1 编辑POJO属性
3.6.2 编辑xml配置文件
<!--为集合赋值-->
<bean id="user" class="com.jt.pojo.User">
<property name="id" value="101"></property>
<property name="name" value="李元芳"></property>
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>张三</value>
<value>王五</value>
<value>老王</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>1</value>
<value>2</value>
<value>3</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="id" value="1000"></entry>
<entry key="name" value="tomcat猫"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="pro">
<props>
<prop key="proId">110</prop>
<prop key="proName">米老鼠</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
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3.7 抽取集合类型
3.7.1 编辑头标签
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
</beans>
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3.7.2 实现对象引用
4 Spring容器管理3层代码结构
4.1 代码结构
4.1.1 定义User POJO对象
4.1.2 定义dao接口/实现类
4.1.3 定义Service接口/实现类
4.1.4 编辑UserController
package com.jt.controller;
import com.jt.pojo.User;
import com.jt.service.UserService;
public class UserController {
<span class="token comment">//spring容器负责注入Service对象</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> UserService userService<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> User user<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//代替用户传入的数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>user <span class="token operator">=</span> user<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setUserService</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>UserService userService<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>userService <span class="token operator">=</span> userService<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
userService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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4.1.5 3层代码结构关系
4.1.6 编辑xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!–1.构建user对象–>
<bean id=“user” class=“com.jt.pojo.User”>
<property name=“id” value=“100”></property>
<property name=“name” value=“springMVC设计模式”></property>
</bean>
<!–2.构建Dao对象
根据面向接口编程
Id:接口的名称
class:实现类的包路径
–>
<bean id=“userDao” class=“com.jt.dao.UserDaoImpl”></bean>
<!–3.构建Service–>
<bean id=“userService” class=“com.jt.service.UserServiceImpl”>
<property name=“userDao” ref=“userDao”></property>
</bean>
<!–4.构建Controller–>
<bean id=“userController” class=“com.jt.controller.UserController”>
<property name=“userService” ref=“userService”></property>
<property name=“user” ref=“user”></property>
</bean>
</beans>
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4.1.7编辑测试类
public class TestSpring {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testSpringMVC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> ApplicationContext context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"application.xml"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> UserController userController <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>UserController<span class="token punctuation">)</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"userController"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> userController<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"恭喜学会MVC结构"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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4.2 关于特殊字符说明
说明: 由于由于业务需要xml配置文件中 可能会有特殊字符,但是该特殊字符与xml关键字(标签)形成冲突.
解决方案: 实现字符串转义
特殊转义字符:
< < 小于
> > 大于
& & 和号
’ ’ 单引号
" " 引号
万能转义字符: <![CDATA[XXX任意字符]]>
作业: 在mybatis中 在sql语句中添加特殊字符 使用上述结构优化.
知识梳理
1.单例多例 scope属性
2.懒加载
3.生命周期 1.创建对象 2初始化数据 3.被用户调用 4.对象销毁
4.依赖注入: 1set注入 2.构造注入(必须有无参构造)
5.公共集合编辑(了解!!!)
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16804847/article/details/116003622?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501