基于Centos7 安装mysql5.7（docker环境下离线安装）

本文主要介绍了在基于centos7环境下安装mysql5.7。.
其中

• centos7使用docker环境拉取。
• mysql包为mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

正文开始：

• 下载mysql安装包，下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html
  
• 选择下载的文件
  
• 上传到服务器/usr/local 目录下

[root@cfbdbe8f540b /]# cd /usr/local/
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src

• 解压文件

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 

• 修改文件名

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64  mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# mv mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64 mysql
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# rm -rf mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 

• 创建data目录

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# mkdir -p mysql/data

• 创建mysql用户组和用户

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# groupadd mysql
[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# useradd mysql -g mysql

• 修改mysql文件所属用户和用户组

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

• 创建my.cnf文件

[root@cfbdbe8f540b local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
skip-grant-tables
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

• 初始化数据

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

如果出先如下错误

2020-07-17 01:51:49 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2020-07-17 01:51:49 [ERROR]   Child process: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldterminated prematurely with errno= 32
2020-07-17 01:51:49 [ERROR]   Failed to execute /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --bootstrap --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share --lc-messages=en_US --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
-- server log begin --
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

-- server log end --

使用以写命令

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

如果出现上述错误，执行以下命令

yum -y install numactl
yum -y install  libaio

或者下载离线rmp包，执行安装
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.12-9.el8.x86_64.rpm

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:libaio-0.3.109-13.el7            ################################# [100%]

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# rpm -ivh numactl-libs-2.0.12-5.el7.x86_64.rpm  
warning: numactl-libs-2.0.12-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:numactl-libs-2.0.12-5.el7        ################################# [100%]

安装完成后，在执行上一步命令，发现执行成功。

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2020-07-17 02:53:01 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2020-07-17 02:53:06 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2020-07-17 02:53:06 [WARNING] 2020-07-17T02:53:01.958497Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead

• 将mysql加入服务，并启动

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

• 启动成功，连接测试，由于my.cnf中配置了免密码，输入密码直接为空即可

[root@ba0de71b3e99 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

至此，mysql已经成功安装完成，并成功连接登陆

• 设置root密码，并允许远程连接

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

至此，密码已经修改完成。
1、修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，注释#skip-grant-tables
2、重启服务，/etc/init.d/mysql restart

• 添加快捷方式

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin