Unix进程与C编程[前篇]

 

Unix进程与C编程[前篇]

1. 如何获得进程的运行时间

/*     process using time */

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<sys/times.h>

#include<time.h>

#include<unistd.h>

void time_print(char *,clock_t);

int main(void){

        clock_t start,end;

        struct tms t_start,t_end;

        start = times(&t_start);

        /*system() will fork a child process, which will call “bin/sh –c”

*to run the command. */

system(“grep the /usr/doc/*/* > /dev/null 2> /dev/null”);

        end=times(&t_end);  

        time_print(“elapsed”,end-start); //running time of child process.

        puts(“parent times”);

        time_print(“/tuser CPU”,t_end.tms_utime);

        time_print(“/tsys CPU”,t_end.tms_stime);

        puts(“child times”);

        time_print(“/tuser CPU”,t_end.tms_cutime);

        time_print(“/tsys CPU”,t_end.tms_cstime);

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

}

void time_print(char *str, clock_t time){

              long tps = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);

              printf(“%s: %6.2f secs/n”,str,(float)time/tps);

}

2. 进程通信—信号

/* usage of kill,signal,wait */

#include<unistd.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<sys/types.h>

#include<signal.h>

int flag;

void stop();

int main(void){

int pid1,pid2;

        while((pid1=fork()) ==-1);

        if(pid1>0){

               while((pid2=fork()) ==-1);

               if(pid2>0){

                      flag=1;

                      sleep(5);   //first sleep

                      kill(pid1,16);

                      kill(pid2,17);

                      wait(0);

                      wait(0);

                      printf(“/n parent has finished, flag=%d/n”,flag);

                      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

               }else{

                      flag=1;

                      signal(17,stop);

                      //sleep(2);    //second sleep

                      printf(“/n child2 is killed by parent, flag=%d/n”,flag);

                      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

               }

        }else{

               flag=1;

               signal(16,stop);

               //sleep(3);   //third sleep

               printf(“/n child1 is killed by parent, flag=%d/n”,flag);

               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

        }

}

void stop(){

        flag = 0;

}

说明：

1)      signal(16,stop) 指定类型为 16（16，17是用户自定义型） 的信号的处理方式：调用 stop() ；

2)      我的本子上的 signal 类型如下（30，31是用户自定义型）：

 

 

3)      若 first sleep 语句被注释，而 second/third sleep 语句不注释，则 stop 会在两个子进程中被调用。上面程序的写法中 stop 不会被执行。

      声明：本篇及其后续是我的学习笔记，资料来自网络与书本，本人对其中的程序不声明任何版权。