linux程序设计-shell CD数据库小程序解析

 下面是我对源代码写的注解，一些晦涩的地方已经逐一注释，有心人应该不难看懂：

#!/bin/bash


menu_choice=""
current_cd=""
title_file="title.cdb"
tracks_file="tracks.cdb"
#$$代表当前进程号
temp_file=/tmp/cdb.$$
#trap命令用于指定在接收到信号后将要采取的动作，常见的用途是在脚本程序被中断时完成清理工作。
#trap "commands" EXIT
#设置脚本退出时执行commands指定的命令。
trap 'rm -f $temp_file' EXIT

# Now we define our functions, so that the script, executing from the top line, can find
# all the function definitions before we attempt to call any of them for the first time.
# To avoid rewriting the same code in several places, the first two functions are simple
# utilities.

get_return() {
#这个函数作用是读取一个量
#echo -e 处理特殊字符
#echo 后发现 在echo -e 后，对“\c” 的解释是：produce no further output  不产生进一步的输出
#在\c 后，这一行后面的内容都不会输出，直接删掉了
  echo -e "Press return \c"
  read x
  return 0
}

get_confirm() {
#这个函数的作用是让用户确认
#输入y返回0,输入n返回1，输入其他继续让用户输入
  echo -e "Are you sure? \c"
  while true
  do
    read x
    case "$x" in
      y | yes | Y | Yes | YES )
        return 0;;
      n | no  | N | No  | NO )
        echo
        echo "Cancelled"
        return 1;;
      *) echo "Please enter yes or no" ;;
    esac
  done
}



set_menu_choice() {
#清屏
  clear
  echo "Options :-"
  echo
  echo "   a) Add new CD"
  echo "   f) Find CD"
#目录
  echo "   c) Count the CDs and tracks in the catalog"
#如果cd目录不为空给出具体cd的操作
  if [ "$cdcatnum" != "" ]; then
    echo "   l) List tracks on $cdtitle"
    echo "   r) Remove $cdtitle"
    echo "   u) Update track information for $cdtitle"
  fi
  echo "   q) Quit"
  echo
  echo -e "Please enter choice then press return \c"
  read menu_choice
  return
}



insert_title() {
#$*将所有的参数认为是一个字段
#$@ $* 只在被双引号包起来的时候才会有差异
#$@以IFS（默认为空格）来划分字段，如果空格在“”里面，不划分。采用LS的脚本运行./test 1 "2 3" 4   来发现差异

#把参数写到title_file变量代表的文件里面
  echo $* >> $title_file
  return
}

insert_track() {
  echo $* >> $tracks_file
  return
}

add_record_tracks() {
#添加记录
  echo "Enter track information for this CD"
  echo "When no more tracks enter q"
  cdtrack=1
  cdttitle=""
#输入q退出
  while [ "$cdttitle" != "q" ]
  do
      echo -e "Track $cdtrack, track title? \c"
      read tmp
#从tmp的尾部删除匹配,*的最长部分
      cdttitle=${tmp%%,*}
#如果删除匹配后和之前tmp值不同就报错
      if [ "$tmp" != "$cdttitle" ]; then
        echo "Sorry, no commas allowed"
        continue
      fi
#判断cdttile是否为空
      if [ -n "$cdttitle" ] ; then
        if [ "$cdttitle" != "q" ]; then
          insert_track $cdcatnum,$cdtrack,$cdttitle
        fi
#若cdttile为空则cdtrack-1
      else
        cdtrack=$((cdtrack-1))
      fi
    cdtrack=$((cdtrack+1))
  done
}


add_records() {
  # Prompt for the initial information
#插入记录
  echo -e "Enter catalog name \c"
  read tmp
  cdcatnum=${tmp%%,*}

  echo -e "Enter title \c"
  read tmp
  cdtitle=${tmp%%,*}

  echo -e "Enter type \c"
  read tmp
  cdtype=${tmp%%,*}

  echo -e "Enter artist/composer \c"
  read tmp
  cdac=${tmp%%,*}

  # Check that they want to enter the information
 
  echo About to add new entry
  echo "$cdcatnum $cdtitle $cdtype $cdac"

  # If confirmed then append it to the titles file
#调用get_firm判断是否确认
  if get_confirm ; then
    insert_title $cdcatnum,$cdtitle,$cdtype,$cdac
    add_record_tracks
  else
    remove_records
  fi

  return
}



find_cd() {
  if [ "$1" = "n" ]; then
    asklist=n
  else
    asklist=y
  fi
  cdcatnum=""
#输入字符串以查找CD的标题
  echo -e "Enter a string to search for in the CD titles \c"
  read searchstr
  if [ "$searchstr" = "" ]; then
    return 0
  fi
#在title_file文件中查找输入到标题并重定向到temp_file中
  grep "$searchstr" $title_file > $temp_file
#统计文件行数，并用 set 命令把 shell 参数设置成 wc 输出的结果   
  set $(wc -l $temp_file)
  linesfound=$1

  case "$linesfound" in
  0)    echo "Sorry, nothing found"
        get_return
        return 0
        ;;
  1)    ;;
  2)    echo "Sorry, not unique."
        echo "Found the following"
        cat $temp_file
        get_return
        return 0
  esac
#IFS（Internal Field Separator）,是内部字段分隔符。
#temp_file文件中是以，分割的
  IFS=","
  read cdcatnum cdtitle cdtype cdac < $temp_file
  IFS=" "
#判断cdcatnum是否为0
  if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
    echo "Sorry, could not extract catalog field from $temp_file"
    get_return
    return 0
  fi

  echo
  echo Catalog number: $cdcatnum
  echo Title: $cdtitle
  echo Type: $cdtype
  echo Artist/Composer: $cdac
  echo
  get_return

  if [ "$asklist" = "y" ]; then
    echo -e "View tracks for this CD? \c"
      read x
    if [ "$x" = "y" ]; then
      echo
      list_tracks
      echo
    fi
  fi
  return 1
}



update_cd() {
  if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
    echo "You must select a CD first"
    find_cd n
  fi
  if [ -n "$cdcatnum" ]; then
    echo "Current tracks are :-"
    list_tracks
    echo
    echo "This will re-enter the tracks for $cdtitle"
#确认了再输入继续后面的判断
    get_confirm && {
      grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
      mv $temp_file $tracks_file
      echo
      add_record_tracks
    }
  fi
  return
}

# count_cds gives us a quick count of the contents of our database.

count_cds() {
  set $(wc -l $title_file)
  num_titles=$1
  set $(wc -l $tracks_file)
  num_tracks=$1
  echo found $num_titles CDs, with a total of $num_tracks tracks
  get_return
  return
}



remove_records() {
  if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
    echo You must select a CD first
    find_cd n
  fi
  if [ -n "$cdcatnum" ]; then
    echo "You are about to delete $cdtitle"
    get_confirm && {
      grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $title_file > $temp_file
      mv $temp_file $title_file
      grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
      mv $temp_file $tracks_file
      cdcatnum=""
      echo Entry removed
    }
    get_return
  fi
  return
}



list_tracks() {
  if [ "$cdcatnum" = "" ]; then
    echo no CD selected yet
    return
  else
    grep "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
    num_tracks=$(wc -l $temp_file)
    if [ "$num_tracks" = "0" ]; then
      echo no tracks found for $cdtitle
    else {
      echo
      echo "$cdtitle :-"
      echo
#将temp_file内容按，分割，取其中两个字段
      cut -f 2- -d , $temp_file
      echo
#${var} 就是 $var，和周围隔得开。
#${var-val} 如果 var 未定义，用 val 顶上
#${var:-val} 如果 var 空，顶上
#${var=val} 如果 var空，顶上并且赋值为 val



    } | ${PAGER:-more}
    fi
  fi
  get_return
  return
}



rm -f $temp_file
if [ ! -f $title_file ]; then
  touch $title_file
fi
if [ ! -f $tracks_file ]; then
  touch $tracks_file
fi

# Now the application proper

clear
echo
echo
echo "Mini CD manager"
sleep 1

quit=n
while [ "$quit" != "y" ];
do
  set_menu_choice
  case "$menu_choice" in
    a) add_records;;
    r) remove_records;;
    f) find_cd y;;
    u) update_cd;;
    c) count_cds;;
    l) list_tracks;;
    b)
      echo
      more $title_file
      echo
      get_return;;
    q | Q ) quit=y;;
    *) echo "Sorry, choice not recognized";;
  esac
done

# Tidy up and leave

rm -f $temp_file
echo "Finished"

exit 0

这个例子要想成功运行还需要两个文件。由于考试将近没有时间细说，故在此放上源代码资源