下面是我对源代码写的注解,一些晦涩的地方已经逐一注释,有心人应该不难看懂:
#!/bin/bash
menu_choice=""
current_cd=""
title_file="title.cdb"
tracks_file="tracks.cdb"
#$$代表当前进程号
temp_file=/tmp/cdb.$$
#trap命令用于指定在接收到信号后将要采取的动作,常见的用途是在脚本程序被中断时完成清理工作。
#trap "commands" EXIT
#设置脚本退出时执行commands指定的命令。
trap 'rm -f $temp_file' EXIT
# Now we define our functions, so that the script, executing from the top line, can find
# all the function definitions before we attempt to call any of them for the first time.
# To avoid rewriting the same code in several places, the first two functions are simple
# utilities.
get_return() {
#这个函数作用是读取一个量
#echo -e 处理特殊字符
#echo 后发现 在echo -e 后,对“\c” 的解释是:produce no further output 不产生进一步的输出
#在\c 后,这一行后面的内容都不会输出,直接删掉了
echo -e "Press return \c"
read x
return 0
}
get_confirm() {
#这个函数的作用是让用户确认
#输入y返回0,输入n返回1,输入其他继续让用户输入
echo -e "Are you sure? \c"
while true
do
read x
case "$x" in
y | yes | Y | Yes | YES )
return 0;;
n | no | N | No | NO )
echo
echo "Cancelled"
return 1;;
*) echo "Please enter yes or no" ;;
esac
done
}
set_menu_choice() {
#清屏
clear
echo "Options :-"
echo
echo " a) Add new CD"
echo " f) Find CD"
#目录
echo " c) Count the CDs and tracks in the catalog"
#如果cd目录不为空给出具体cd的操作
if [ "$cdcatnum" != "" ]; then
echo " l) List tracks on $cdtitle"
echo " r) Remove $cdtitle"
echo " u) Update track information for $cdtitle"
fi
echo " q) Quit"
echo
echo -e "Please enter choice then press return \c"
read menu_choice
return
}
insert_title() {
#$*将所有的参数认为是一个字段
#$@ $* 只在被双引号包起来的时候才会有差异
#$@以IFS(默认为空格)来划分字段,如果空格在“”里面,不划分。采用LS的脚本运行./test 1 "2 3" 4 来发现差异
#把参数写到title_file变量代表的文件里面
echo $* >> $title_file
return
}
insert_track() {
echo $* >> $tracks_file
return
}
add_record_tracks() {
#添加记录
echo "Enter track information for this CD"
echo "When no more tracks enter q"
cdtrack=1
cdttitle=""
#输入q退出
while [ "$cdttitle" != "q" ]
do
echo -e "Track $cdtrack, track title? \c"
read tmp
#从tmp的尾部删除匹配,*的最长部分
cdttitle=${tmp%%,*}
#如果删除匹配后和之前tmp值不同就报错
if [ "$tmp" != "$cdttitle" ]; then
echo "Sorry, no commas allowed"
continue
fi
#判断cdttile是否为空
if [ -n "$cdttitle" ] ; then
if [ "$cdttitle" != "q" ]; then
insert_track $cdcatnum,$cdtrack,$cdttitle
fi
#若cdttile为空则cdtrack-1
else
cdtrack=$((cdtrack-1))
fi
cdtrack=$((cdtrack+1))
done
}
add_records() {
# Prompt for the initial information
#插入记录
echo -e "Enter catalog name \c"
read tmp
cdcatnum=${tmp%%,*}
echo -e "Enter title \c"
read tmp
cdtitle=${tmp%%,*}
echo -e "Enter type \c"
read tmp
cdtype=${tmp%%,*}
echo -e "Enter artist/composer \c"
read tmp
cdac=${tmp%%,*}
# Check that they want to enter the information
echo About to add new entry
echo "$cdcatnum $cdtitle $cdtype $cdac"
# If confirmed then append it to the titles file
#调用get_firm判断是否确认
if get_confirm ; then
insert_title $cdcatnum,$cdtitle,$cdtype,$cdac
add_record_tracks
else
remove_records
fi
return
}
find_cd() {
if [ "$1" = "n" ]; then
asklist=n
else
asklist=y
fi
cdcatnum=""
#输入字符串以查找CD的标题
echo -e "Enter a string to search for in the CD titles \c"
read searchstr
if [ "$searchstr" = "" ]; then
return 0
fi
#在title_file文件中查找输入到标题并重定向到temp_file中
grep "$searchstr" $title_file > $temp_file
#统计文件行数,并用 set 命令把 shell 参数设置成 wc 输出的结果
set $(wc -l $temp_file)
linesfound=$1
case "$linesfound" in
0) echo "Sorry, nothing found"
get_return
return 0
;;
1) ;;
2) echo "Sorry, not unique."
echo "Found the following"
cat $temp_file
get_return
return 0
esac
#IFS(Internal Field Separator),是内部字段分隔符。
#temp_file文件中是以,分割的
IFS=","
read cdcatnum cdtitle cdtype cdac < $temp_file
IFS=" "
#判断cdcatnum是否为0
if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
echo "Sorry, could not extract catalog field from $temp_file"
get_return
return 0
fi
echo
echo Catalog number: $cdcatnum
echo Title: $cdtitle
echo Type: $cdtype
echo Artist/Composer: $cdac
echo
get_return
if [ "$asklist" = "y" ]; then
echo -e "View tracks for this CD? \c"
read x
if [ "$x" = "y" ]; then
echo
list_tracks
echo
fi
fi
return 1
}
update_cd() {
if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
echo "You must select a CD first"
find_cd n
fi
if [ -n "$cdcatnum" ]; then
echo "Current tracks are :-"
list_tracks
echo
echo "This will re-enter the tracks for $cdtitle"
#确认了再输入继续后面的判断
get_confirm && {
grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
mv $temp_file $tracks_file
echo
add_record_tracks
}
fi
return
}
# count_cds gives us a quick count of the contents of our database.
count_cds() {
set $(wc -l $title_file)
num_titles=$1
set $(wc -l $tracks_file)
num_tracks=$1
echo found $num_titles CDs, with a total of $num_tracks tracks
get_return
return
}
remove_records() {
if [ -z "$cdcatnum" ]; then
echo You must select a CD first
find_cd n
fi
if [ -n "$cdcatnum" ]; then
echo "You are about to delete $cdtitle"
get_confirm && {
grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $title_file > $temp_file
mv $temp_file $title_file
grep -v "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
mv $temp_file $tracks_file
cdcatnum=""
echo Entry removed
}
get_return
fi
return
}
list_tracks() {
if [ "$cdcatnum" = "" ]; then
echo no CD selected yet
return
else
grep "^${cdcatnum}," $tracks_file > $temp_file
num_tracks=$(wc -l $temp_file)
if [ "$num_tracks" = "0" ]; then
echo no tracks found for $cdtitle
else {
echo
echo "$cdtitle :-"
echo
#将temp_file内容按,分割,取其中两个字段
cut -f 2- -d , $temp_file
echo
#${var} 就是 $var,和周围隔得开。
#${var-val} 如果 var 未定义,用 val 顶上
#${var:-val} 如果 var 空,顶上
#${var=val} 如果 var空,顶上并且赋值为 val
} | ${PAGER:-more}
fi
fi
get_return
return
}
rm -f $temp_file
if [ ! -f $title_file ]; then
touch $title_file
fi
if [ ! -f $tracks_file ]; then
touch $tracks_file
fi
# Now the application proper
clear
echo
echo
echo "Mini CD manager"
sleep 1
quit=n
while [ "$quit" != "y" ];
do
set_menu_choice
case "$menu_choice" in
a) add_records;;
r) remove_records;;
f) find_cd y;;
u) update_cd;;
c) count_cds;;
l) list_tracks;;
b)
echo
more $title_file
echo
get_return;;
q | Q ) quit=y;;
*) echo "Sorry, choice not recognized";;
esac
done
# Tidy up and leave
rm -f $temp_file
echo "Finished"
exit 0
这个例子要想成功运行还需要两个文件。由于考试将近没有时间细说,故在此放上源代码资源