ffprobe常用options解析(初学者理解包、帧、流之间的区别和联系)
-show_packets:[PACKET]标签的多媒体信息
-show_data: packets多媒体数据
-show_format:多媒体封装格式
-show_frames: 视频帧信息
-print_format: 信息输出格式,支持xml、csv、json、flat、ini
-select_streams: 参数可以是a、v、s分别表示只查看音频、视频、字幕
1. 采样率
采样设备每秒抽取样本的次数
2. 音频格式及量化精度(位宽)
每种音频格式有不同的量化精度(位宽),位数越多,表示值就越精确,声音表现自然就越精准。FFMpeg中音频格式有以下几种,每种格式有其占用的字节数信息:
enum AVSampleFormat {
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE = -1,
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8, ///< unsigned 8 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, ///< signed 16 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32, ///< signed 32 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT, ///< float
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL, ///< double
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8P, ///< unsigned 8 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P, ///< signed 16 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32P, ///< signed 32 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP, ///< float, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBLP, ///< double, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S64, ///< signed 64 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S64P, ///< signed 64 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB ///< Number of sample formats. DO NOT USE if linking dynamically
};
3. 分片(plane)和打包(packed)
以双声道为例,带P(plane)的数据格式在存储时,其左声道和右声道的数据是分开存储的,左声道的数据存储在data[0],右声道的数据存储在data[1],每个声道的所占用的字节数为linesize[0]和linesize[1];
不带P(packed)的音频数据在存储时,是按照LRLRLR...的格式交替存储在data[0]中,linesize[0]表示总的数据量。
4. 声道分布(channel_layout)
声道分布在FFmpeg\libavutil\channel_layout.h中有定义,一般来说用的比较多的是AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO(双声道)和AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND(三声道),这两者的定义如下:
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO (AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_FRONT_CENTER)
5. 音频帧的数据量计算
一帧音频的数据量=channel数 * nb_samples样本数 * 每个样本占用的字节数
如果该音频帧是FLTP格式的PCM数据,包含1024个样本,双声道,那么该音频帧包含的音频数据量是2*1024*4=8192字节。
6. 音频播放时间计算
以采样率44100Hz来计算,每秒44100个sample,而正常一帧为1024个sample,可知每帧播放时间/1024=1000ms/44100,得到每帧播放时间=1024*1000/44100=23.2ms。
7. 音频重采样(resample)
FFMpeg自带的resample例子:FFmpeg\doc\examples\resampling_audio.c,这里把最核心的resample代码贴一下,在工程中使用时,注意设置的各种参数,给定的输入数据都不能错。
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
// 设置数据源src和dst声道布局
int64_t src_ch_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO, dst_ch_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND;
// 设置src和dst采样率
int src_rate = 48000, dst_rate = 44100;
uint8_t **src_data = NULL, **dst_data = NULL;
int src_nb_channels = 0, dst_nb_channels = 0;
int src_linesize, dst_linesize;
int src_nb_samples = 1024, dst_nb_samples, max_dst_nb_samples;
// 设置src和dst音频格式
enum AVSampleFormat src_sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL, dst_sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
const char *dst_filename = NULL;
FILE *dst_file;
int dst_bufsize;
const char *fmt;
// 重采样上下文,包含resample信息
struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
double t;
int ret;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s output_file\n"
"API example program to show how to resample an audio stream with libswresample.\n"
"This program generates a series of audio frames, resamples them to a specified "
"output format and rate and saves them to an output file named output_file.\n",
argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
// resample后的数据保存到本地文件
dst_filename = argv[1];
dst_file = fopen(dst_filename, "wb");
if (!dst_file) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open destination file %s\n", dst_filename);
exit(1);
}
/* create resampler context */
swr_ctx = swr_alloc();
if (!swr_ctx) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate resampler context\n");
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto end;
}
/* set options */
// 将resample信息写入resample上下文
av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "in_channel_layout", src_ch_layout, 0);
av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "in_sample_rate", src_rate, 0);
av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "in_sample_fmt", src_sample_fmt, 0);
av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "out_channel_layout", dst_ch_layout, 0);
av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "out_sample_rate", dst_rate, 0);
av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "out_sample_fmt", dst_sample_fmt, 0);
/* initialize the resampling context */
if ((ret = swr_init(swr_ctx)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize the resampling context\n");
goto end;
}
/* allocate source and destination samples buffers */
src_nb_channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(src_ch_layout);
ret = av_samples_alloc_array_and_samples(&src_data, &src_linesize, src_nb_channels,
src_nb_samples, src_sample_fmt, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate source samples\n");
goto end;
}
/* compute the number of converted samples: buffering is avoided
* ensuring that the output buffer will contain at least all the
* converted input samples */
max_dst_nb_samples = dst_nb_samples =
av_rescale_rnd(src_nb_samples, dst_rate, src_rate, AV_ROUND_UP);
/* buffer is going to be directly written to a rawaudio file, no alignment */
dst_nb_channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(dst_ch_layout);
ret = av_samples_alloc_array_and_samples(&dst_data, &dst_linesize, dst_nb_channels,
dst_nb_samples, dst_sample_fmt, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate destination samples\n");
goto end;
}
t = 0;
do {
/* generate synthetic audio */
// 这里是自行生成源数据帧,实际工程中应该将解码后的PCM数据填入src_data中
fill_samples((double *)src_data[0], src_nb_samples, src_nb_channels, src_rate, &t);
/* compute destination number of samples */
dst_nb_samples = av_rescale_rnd(swr_get_delay(swr_ctx, src_rate) +
src_nb_samples, dst_rate, src_rate, AV_ROUND_UP);
if (dst_nb_samples > max_dst_nb_samples) {
av_freep(&dst_data[0]);
ret = av_samples_alloc(dst_data, &dst_linesize, dst_nb_channels,
dst_nb_samples, dst_sample_fmt, 1);
if (ret < 0)
break;
max_dst_nb_samples = dst_nb_samples;
}
/* convert to destination format */
// 重采样操作
ret = swr_convert(swr_ctx, dst_data, dst_nb_samples, (const uint8_t **)src_data, src_nb_samples);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error while converting\n");
goto end;
}
dst_bufsize = av_samples_get_buffer_size(&dst_linesize, dst_nb_channels,
ret, dst_sample_fmt, 1);
if (dst_bufsize < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not get sample buffer size\n");
goto end;
}
printf("t:%f in:%d out:%d\n", t, src_nb_samples, ret);
fwrite(dst_data[0], 1, dst_bufsize, dst_file);
} while (t < 10);
if ((ret = get_format_from_sample_fmt(&fmt, dst_sample_fmt)) < 0)
goto end;
fprintf(stderr, "Resampling succeeded. Play the output file with the command:\n"
"ffplay -f %s -channel_layout %"PRId64" -channels %d -ar %d %s\n",
fmt, dst_ch_layout, dst_nb_channels, dst_rate, dst_filename);
end:
fclose(dst_file);
if (src_data)
av_freep(&src_data[0]);
av_freep(&src_data);
if (dst_data)
av_freep(&dst_data[0]);
av_freep(&dst_data);
swr_free(&swr_ctx);
return ret < 0;
}