方法一:创建临时变量
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int *p1, int *p2)
{
int t = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = t;
}
int main()
{
int num1 = 2;
int num2 = 4;
int tmp = 0;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
swap(&num1, &num2);
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
return 0;
}
结果:
num1=2
num2=4
num1=4
num2=2
请按任意键继续. . .
方法二:异或法
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1 = 2;
int num2 = 4;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
//num1^num2;
//011
//101
//110
//异或法可以完成对整型变量的交换,对于浮点型变量它无法完成交换
num1 = num1^num2;
num2 = num1^num2;
num1 = num1^num2;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
return 0;
}
异或法的改进:
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1 = 2;
int num2 = 4;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
num1^=num2^= num1^=num2;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
return 0;
}
结果:
num1=2
num2=4
num1=4
num2=2
请按任意键继续. . .
方法三:加减
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1 = 3;
int num2 = 12;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
num1 = num1 + num2;
num2 = num1 - num2;
num1 = num1 - num2;
//可以交换整型和浮点型数值的变量,但在处理浮点型的时候有可能出现精度的损失
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
return 0;
}
结果:
num1=3
num2=12
num1=12
num2=3
请按任意键继续. . .
精度损失:
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float num1 = 3.123456;
float num2 = 1234567.000000;
printf("num1=%f\n", num1);
printf("num2=%f\n", num2);
num1 = num1 + num2;
num2 = num1 - num2;
num1 = num1 - num2;
//可以交换整型和浮点型数值的变量,但在处理浮点型的时候有可能出现精度的损失
printf("num1=%f\n", num1);
printf("num2=%f\n", num2);
return 0;
}
结果报错:
num1=3.123456
num2=1234567.000000
num1=1234567.000000
num2=3.125000
请按任意键继续. . .
修改为双精度型double,范围加大,运行结果正确:
num1=3.123456
num2=1234567.000000
num1=1234567.000000
num2=3.123456
请按任意键继续. . .
方法四:乘除
程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1 = 2;
int num2 = 4;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
//同加减法一样,可以交换整型和浮点型数值的变量,但在处理浮点型的时候有可能出现精度的损失
num1 = num1*num2;
num2 = num1 / num2;
num1 = num1 / num2;
printf("num1=%d\n", num1);
printf("num2=%d\n", num2);
return 0;
}
结果:
num1=2
num2=4
num1=4
num2=2
请按任意键继续. . .
方法五:引用
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void MySwap(int &a, int &b)
{
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
int main(void)
{
int a=3,b=4;
cout << "Original,a=" << a << ",b=" << b << endl;
MySwap(a, b);
//swap(a, b);//直接调用库里面的引用函数实现
cout << "After swap,a=" << a << ",b=" << b << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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