ARM新一期第六天

一、NorFlash原理及硬件操作

操作NOR FALSH CODE:

#include "my_printf.h"
#include "string_utils.h"

#define NOR_FLASH_BASE  0  /* jz2440, nor-->cs0, base addr = 0 */

/* 比如:   55H 98 
 * 本意是: 往(0 + (0x55)<<1)写入0x98
 */
 
void nor_write_word(unsigned int base, unsigned int offset, unsigned int val)
{
 volatile unsigned short *p = (volatile unsigned short *)(base + (offset << 1));
 *p = val;
}

void nor_cmd(unsigned int offset, unsigned int cmd)
{
 nor_write_word(NOR_FLASH_BASE, offset, cmd);
}

unsigned int nor_read_word(unsigned int base, unsigned int offset)
{
 volatile unsigned short *p = (volatile unsigned short *)(base + (offset << 1));
 return *p;
}

unsigned int nor_dat(unsigned int offset)
{
 return nor_read_word(NOR_FLASH_BASE, offset);
}

/* 进入NOR FLASH的CFI模式
 * 读取各类信息
 */
void do_scan_nor_flash(void)
{
 char str[4];
 unsigned int size;
 int regions, i;
 int region_info_base;
 int block_addr, blocks, block_size, j;
 int cnt;
 int vendor, device; 
 
 /* 打印厂家ID、设备ID */
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0xaa);    /* 解锁 */
 nor_cmd(0x2aa, 0x55); 
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0x90);    /* read id */
 vendor = nor_dat(0);
 device = nor_dat(1);
 nor_cmd(0, 0xf0);        /* reset */ 
 
 nor_cmd(0x55, 0x98);  /* 进入cfi模式 */
 str[0] = nor_dat(0x10);
 str[1] = nor_dat(0x11);
 str[2] = nor_dat(0x12);
 str[3] = '\0';
 printf("str = %s\n\r", str);
 
 /* 打印容量 */
 size = 1<<(nor_dat(0x27));
 printf("vendor id = 0x%x, device id = 0x%x, nor size = 0x%x, %dM\n\r", vendor, device, size, size/(1024*1024));
 
 /* 打印各个扇区的起始地址 */
 /* 名词解释:
  *    erase block region : 里面含有1个或多个block, 它们的大小一样
  * 一个nor flash含有1个或多个region
  * 一个region含有1个或多个block(扇区)
  * Erase block region information:
  *    前2字节+1    : 表示该region有多少个block 
  *    后2字节*256  : 表示block的大小
  */
  
 regions = nor_dat(0x2c);
 region_info_base = 0x2d;
 block_addr = 0;
 printf("Block/Sector start Address:\n\r");
 cnt = 0;
 
 for (i = 0; i < regions; i++)
 {
  blocks = 1 + nor_dat(region_info_base) + (nor_dat(region_info_base+1)<<8);
  block_size = 256 * (nor_dat(region_info_base+2) + (nor_dat(region_info_base+3)<<8));
  region_info_base += 4;
  
//  printf("\n\rregion %d, blocks = %d, block_size = 0x%x, block_addr = 0x%x\n\r", i, blocks, block_size, block_addr);

  for (j = 0; j < blocks; j++)
  {
   /* 打印每个block的起始地址 */
   //printf("0x%08x ", block_addr);
   printHex(block_addr);
   putchar(' ');
   cnt++;
   block_addr += block_size;
   if (cnt % 5 == 0)
    printf("\n\r");
  }
 }
 printf("\n\r");
 
 /* 退出CFI模式 */
 nor_cmd(0, 0xf0);
}

NOTE:

   编译程序时加上: -march=armv4
   否则 
   volatile unsigned short *p = xxx;
   *p = val; // 会被拆分成2个strb操作

NOR FALSH实现某个地址读数据
norflash是可以像内存一样读的

void do_read_nor_flash(void)
{
 unsigned int addr;
 volatile unsigned char *p;
 int i, j;
 unsigned char c;
 unsigned char str[16];
 /* 获得地址 */
 printf("Enter the address to read: ");
 addr = get_uint();
 p = (volatile unsigned char *)addr;
 printf("Data : \n\r");
 
 /* 长度固定为64 */
 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
 {
  /* 每行打印16个数据 */
  for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
  {
   /* 先打印数值 */
   c = *p++;
   str[j] = c;
   printf("%02x ", c);
  }
  printf("   ; ");
  for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
  {
   /* 后打印字符 */
   if (str[j] < 0x20 || str[j] > 0x7e)  /* 不可视字符 */
    putchar('.');
   else
    putchar(str[j]);
  }
  printf("\n\r");
 }
}

NOR FALSH ERASE CODE:

void wait_ready(unsigned int addr)
{
 unsigned int val;
 unsigned int pre;
 
 pre = nor_dat(addr>>1);
 val = nor_dat(addr>>1);
 while ((val & (1<<6)) != (pre & (1<<6)))
 {
  pre = val;
  val = nor_dat(addr>>1);  
 }
}
void do_erase_nor_flash(void)
{
 unsigned int addr; 
 
 /* 获得地址 */
 printf("Enter the address of sector to erase: ");
 addr = get_uint();
 printf("erasing ...\n\r");
 
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0xaa);    /* 解锁 */
 nor_cmd(0x2aa, 0x55); 
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0x80);  /* erase sector */ 
 
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0xaa);    /* 解锁 */
 nor_cmd(0x2aa, 0x55); 
 nor_cmd(addr>>1, 0x30);  /* 发出扇区地址 */
 wait_ready(addr);
}

NOR FALSH WRITE CODE:

void do_write_nor_flash(void)
{
 unsigned int addr;
 unsigned char str[100];
 int i, j;
 unsigned int val; 
 
 /* 获得地址 */
 printf("Enter the address of sector to write: ");
 addr = get_uint();
 printf("Enter the string to write: ");
 gets(str);
 printf("writing ...\n\r");
 
 /* str[0],str[1]==>16bit 
  * str[2],str[3]==>16bit 
  */
 i = 0;
 j = 1;
 while (str[i] && str[j])
 {
  val = str[i] + (str[j]<<8);
  
  /* 烧写 */
  nor_cmd(0x555, 0xaa);  /* 解锁 */
  nor_cmd(0x2aa, 0x55); 
  nor_cmd(0x555, 0xa0);  /* program */
  nor_cmd(addr>>1, val);
  
  /* 等待烧写完成 : 读数据, Q6无变化时表示结束 */
  wait_ready(addr);
  i += 2;
  j += 2;
  addr += 2;
 }
 val = str[i];
 
 /* 烧写 */
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0xaa);  /* 解锁 */
 nor_cmd(0x2aa, 0x55); 
 nor_cmd(0x555, 0xa0);  /* program */
 nor_cmd(addr>>1, val);
 
 /* 等待烧写完成 : 读数据, Q6无变化时表示结束 */
 wait_ready(addr);
}