- POM代表项目对象模型,它是Maven中工作的基本单位,这是一个XML文件,它始终保存在该项目基本目录中的pom.xml文件中。
- POM包含的项目是使用Maven来构建的,它用来包含各种配置信息。
- POM也包含了目标和插件。在执行任务和目标时,Maven会使用当前目录中的POM.它读取POM得到所需要的配置信息,然后执行目标,部分的配置可以在POM下使用如下:
project dependencies、plugins、goals、build profiles、project version、developers、mailing list - 创建一个POM之前,应该先决定项目组(groupId),它的名字(artifacId)和版本,因为这些属性在项目仓库是唯一的标识。
- POM示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.test</groupId>
<artifactId>testWeb</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</project>
要注意的是,每个项目只有一个POM文件。
- 所有的 POM 文件要项目元素必须有三个必填字段: groupId(项目组编号),artifactId(项目的ID),version(版本号)
- 在库中的项目符号是:groupId:artifactId:version
- pom.xml 的根元素是 project,它有三个主要的子节点。
- 所有的POM继承自父类(尽管明确界定)。这个基础的 POM 被称为超级 POM,并包含继承默认值。 Maven使用有效的POM(超级POM加项目配置的配置)执行有关目标。它可以帮助开发人员指定最低配置的详细信息写在 pom.xml 中。虽然配置可以很容易被覆盖。 一个简单的方法来看看超级POM的默认配置,通过运行下面的命令:mvn help:effective-pom 创建一个 pom.xml。
<!-- -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Effective POM for project 'com.test:testWeb:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT' -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/
2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 h
ttp://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.test</groupId>
<artifactId>testWeb</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>testWeb</name>
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<id>central</id>
<name>Central Repository</name>
<url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<releases>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<id>central</id>
<name>Central Repository</name>
<url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<build>
<sourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\java</source
Directory>
<scriptSourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\script
s</scriptSourceDirectory>
<testSourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\test\java</te
stSourceDirectory>
<outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\classes</outpu
tDirectory>
<testOutputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\test-class
es</testOutputDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\resources</dir
ectory>
</resource>
</resources>
<testResources>
<testResource>
<directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\test\resources</dir
ectory>
</testResource>
</testResources>
<directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target</directory>
<finalName>testWeb-1.0-SNAPSHOT</finalName>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2-beta-5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-clean</id>
<phase>clean</phase>
<goals>
<goal>clean</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-testResources</id>
<phase>process-test-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>testResources</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-resources</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>resources</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-jar</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-compile</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-testCompile</id>
<phase>test-compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-install</id>
<phase>install</phase>
<goals>
<goal>install</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-deploy</id>
<phase>deploy</phase>
<goals>
<goal>deploy</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-site</id>
<phase>site</phase>
<goals>
<goal>site</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site
</outputDirectory>
<reportPlugins>
<reportPlugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
</reportPlugin>
</reportPlugins>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-deploy</id>
<phase>site-deploy</phase>
<goals>
<goal>deploy</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site
</outputDirectory>
<reportPlugins>
<reportPlugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
</reportPlugin>
</reportPlugins>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site</ou
tputDirectory>
<reportPlugins>
<reportPlugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
</reportPlugin>
</reportPlugins>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<reporting>
<outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site</outputDi
rectory>
</reporting>
</project>
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.947 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-09-12T16:34:29+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/183M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------