leetcode 43 Multiply Strings

题目描述

Given two non-negative integers num1 and num2 represented as strings, return the product of num1 and num2, also represented as a string.

举例

Input: num1 = “123”, num2 = “456”
Output: “56088”

备注

1. The length of both num1 and num2 is < 110.
2. Both num1 and num2 contain only digits 0-9.
3. Both num1 and num2 do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.
4. You must not use any built-in BigInteger library or convert the inputs to integer directly.

解题思路

本题的基本思路为：
将字符串相乘拆解为：（1）字符串与单个字符的相乘（2）字符串之间的相加
举个例子：
num1 = “123”, num2 = “456”
将num1分别和‘6’，‘5’，‘4’相乘，得到“738”，“615”，“492”；然后将“738”，“6150”，“49200”进行字符串相加。

编程实现

  public String multiply(String num1, String num2) {
        if(num1.equals("0")||num2.equals("0")){
            return "0";
        }
        if(num1.length()<num2.length()){
            String exchange = num1;
            num1=num2;
            num2=exchange;
        }
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        StringBuffer []singleResult = new StringBuffer[num2.length()];
        int decade = 0;
        int unit = 0;
        int k = 0;
        for(int i=num2.length()-1;i>=0;--i){
            decade = 0;
            char singleCharofNum2 = num2.charAt(i);
            StringBuffer result2 = new StringBuffer();
            for(int j=num1.length()-1;j>=0;--j){
                char singleCharOfNum1 = num1.charAt(j);
                int buff = (singleCharOfNum1-'0')*(singleCharofNum2-'0');
                int unitBuff = (decade + buff)%10;
                int decadeBuff = (decade + buff)/10;
                decade = decadeBuff;
                unit = unitBuff;
                result2.insert(0,unitBuff);
            }
            if(decade>0){
                result2.insert(0,decade);
            }
            singleResult[k] = result2;
            ++k;
        }
        result = singleResult[0];
        for(int i=1;i<num2.length();++i){
            StringBuffer multiplier = new StringBuffer();
            for(int j=0;j<i;++j) {
                multiplier = singleResult[i].append('0');
            }
            result = addStrings2(result,multiplier);
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    public StringBuffer addStrings2(StringBuffer num1, StringBuffer num2) {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        int carry = 0;
        int l1 = num1.length();
        int l2 = num2.length();
        while(l1>0 || l2 > 0 || carry > 0) {
            int tem = carry;
            if(l1 > 0) {
                l1--;
                tem = tem + num1.charAt(l1) - '0';
            }
            if(l2 > 0) {
                l2--;
                tem = tem + num2.charAt(l2) - '0';
            }
            carry = tem/10;
            result.append(tem%10);
        }
        return result.reverse();
    }