Python subprocess.Popen 只接受 list 不接受单个 string

参考：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/901982/python-oserror-errno-2

【问题】

对 Python 的 subprocess.Popen() 和 subprocess.call() 传入一个单个的命令行，比如 'ls -lrt'，执行时 Python 报错：

......
  File "Muxer.py", line 34, in dat_2_avc
    subprocess.Popen('ls -lrt')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 709, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1326, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

【原因】

subprocess.Popen() 和 subprocess.call() 只接受 list 类型参数，如果传入单个 string，则整个 string （'ls -lrt'）会被识别成 list 的第一元素，即本该执行的命令名称是 'ls'，结果识别成了 'ls -lrt'，于是系统找不到一个叫做 'ls -lrt' 的命令。

【解决】

传入 list，或将命令行 string 转成 list 后再传入。比如，subprocess.Popen(shlex.split('ls -lrt'))

StackOverflow 的回答摘录如下：

The problem is that your command should be split. subprocces requires that the cmd is a list, not a string. It Shoudn't be:

subprocess.call('''awk 'BEGIN {FS="\t";OFS="\n"} {a[$1]=a [$1] OFS $2 FS $3 FS $4} END
{for (i in a) {print i a[i]}}' 2_lcsorted.txt > 2_locus_2.txt''') 

That won't work. If you feed subprocess a string, it assumes that that is the path to the command you want to execute. The command needs to be a list. Check out http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/python/724330. Also, because you're using file redirection, you should use subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True). You can also use shlex.