Android中的广播大致有两种:有序广播和标准广播。标准广播是一种完全异步执行的广播,广播发出后,广播接收器几乎都会在同一时刻接收到这条广播消息,因此它们之间没有任何先后顺序而言,这种广播的执行效率较高,但是也以为这它是无法被截断的。有序广播是一种同步执行的广播,广播发出后,同一时刻只会有一个广播接收器接收到广播,当这个广播接收器中的逻辑执行完毕后才会继续传播消息。并且前面的广播可以截断正在传播的广播。
下面看一个标准广播的例子:
1.先建立一个接收类,要继承BroadcastReciver类:
package org.lxh.demo;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
2.配置AndroidManifest.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="org.lxh.demo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity
android:name=".Hello"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.MyBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
即:
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.MyBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
3。发送程序:
package org.lxh.demo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.View.OnFocusChangeListener;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Hello extends Activity {
private Button btn=null;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // 生命周期方法
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
super.setContentView(R.layout.main); // 设置要使用的布局管理器
this.btn=(Button)super.findViewById(R.id.mybtn);
this.btn.setOnClickListener(new ClickListenerImpl());
}
private class ClickListenerImpl implements OnClickListener{
public void onClick(View arg0) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
}
运行如下:
下面我们再建立一个广播接收类:
package org.lxh.demo;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in AnotherBroadcastReceiver",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
再配置一次AndroidManifest.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="org.lxh.demo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity
android:name=".Hello"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.MyBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.AnotherBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
两个广播接收器过滤同一个广播,所以他们会同时收到此广播,运行如下:
即先显示第一个注册的广播,后显示第二个。我们考虑如何改变接收的顺序?可以设置优先级<intent-filter android:priority="100">:
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.MyBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name="org.lxh.demo.AnotherBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter android:priority="100">
<action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
此时运行接收顺序就反过来了。下面考虑如何不让第二个接收器接收到广播?我们可以再第一个接收器内写入abortBroadcast();即:
package org.lxh.demo;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in AnotherBroadcastReceiver",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
abortBroadcast();
}
}
此时运行会报错:
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): BroadcastReceiver trying to return result during a non-ordered broadcast
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): java.lang.RuntimeException: BroadcastReceiver trying to return result during a non-ordered broadcast
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.content.BroadcastReceiver.checkSynchronousHint(BroadcastReceiver.java:451)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.content.BroadcastReceiver.abortBroadcast(BroadcastReceiver.java:374)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at org.lxh.demo.AnotherBroadcastReceiver.onReceive(AnotherBroadcastReceiver.java:14)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:1794)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2400(ActivityThread.java:117)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:981)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3683)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597)
04-22 01:48:58.187: E/BroadcastReceiver(435): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
提示这是一个没有顺序的广播。怎么改正呢?只需将发送广播的程序改为sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);:
package org.lxh.demo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.View.OnFocusChangeListener;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Hello extends Activity {
private Button btn=null;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // 生命周期方法
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
super.setContentView(R.layout.main); // 设置要使用的布局管理器
this.btn=(Button)super.findViewById(R.id.mybtn);
this.btn.setOnClickListener(new ClickListenerImpl());
}
private class ClickListenerImpl implements OnClickListener{
public void onClick(View arg0) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCASTTEST");
//sendBroadcast(intent);
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
}
}
此时再运行实例,只会显示第一条Toast:
并且不会报错。