Netty源码解析-NioEventLoop初始化

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本文详细介绍了Netty中NioEventLoop的初始化步骤,包括NioEventLoopGroup的构造过程、线程执行器ThreadPerTaskExecutor的创建、NioEventLoop的选择器优化以及EventExecutorChooser的实现,揭示了Netty如何实现高效异步事件处理。
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    作为Netty的核心组件之一,NioEventLoop负责处理netty中的各种事件,每个NioEventLoop上有一个selector负责轮询IO事件,有一个定时任务队列及普通任务队列负责处理注册到NioEventLoop上的非IO任务。而1组NioEventLoop右由一个NioEventLoopGroup负责管理,默认一个NioEventLoopGroup管理2倍CPU核数的NioEventLoop。

    参照官网的服务端写法:
    

public void run() {
    EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    EventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

    ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
    b.group(bossGroup, workGroup)
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
            .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
            .handler(new ChannelHandler())
            .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundA(), new ChannelInboundB(), new ChannelInboundC());
                }
            });

    try {
        ChannelFuture future = b.bind(port).sync();
        log.info("server start running");
        future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
}

  1. NioEventLoop实在初始化NioEventLoopGroup的过程中被初始化;
  2. 当NioEventLoopGroup的构造参数不传值时,netty默认会为每个NioEventLoopGroup配置2倍的CPU核数个NioEventLoop:
    static {
            DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS = Math.max(1, SystemPropertyUtil.getInt(
                    "io.netty.eventLoopThreads", Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2));
    
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("-Dio.netty.eventLoopThreads: {}", DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS);
            }
        }
  3. 最终调用到NioEventLoopGroup的父类MultithreadEventExecutorGroup的构造方法:
    protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor,
                                            EventExecutorChooserFactory chooserFactory, Object... args) {
        if (nThreads <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads));
        }
    
        if (executor == null) {
            executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory());
        }
    
        children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];
    
        for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) {
            boolean success = false;
            try {
                children[i] = newChild(executor, args);
                success = true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: Think about if this is a good exception type
                throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", e);
            } finally {
                if (!success) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
                        children[j].shutdownGracefully();
                    }
    
                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
                        EventExecutor e = children[j];
                        try {
                            while (!e.isTerminated()) {
                                e.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                            }
                        } catch (InterruptedException interrupted) {
                            // Let the caller handle the interruption.
                            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(children);
    
        final FutureListener<Object> terminationListener = new FutureListener<Object>() {
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future<Object> future) throws Exception {
                if (terminatedChildren.incrementAndGet() == children.length) {
                    terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
                }
            }
        };
    
        for (EventExecutor e: children) {
            e.terminationFuture().addListener(terminationListener);
        }
    
        Set<EventExecutor> childrenSet = new LinkedHashSet<EventExecutor>(children.length);
        Collections.addAll(childrenSet, children);
        readonlyChildren = Collections.unmodifiableSet(childrenSet);
    }
  4. 在该构造方法中主要做了3件事:
    1).创建一个线程执行器ThreadPerTaskExecutor,以便于后续NioEventLoop在处理task任务时,可直接调用io.netty.util.concurrent.ThreadPerTaskExecutor#execute该方法启动线程,异步执行任务。
    2).为NioEventLoopGroup创建EventExecutor数组,及NioEventLoop数组。
    3).为NioEventLoopGroup创建一个NioEventLoop旋转器,负责有事件事从NioEventLoop数组中选择NioEventLoop来执行任务。
  5. 创建ThreadPerTaskExecutor:
    1).
    executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory());
    2).调用newDefaultThreadFactory()设置NioEventLoop线程标识前缀:
    public DefaultThreadFactory(String poolName, boolean daemon, int priority, ThreadGroup threadGroup) {
        if (poolName == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("poolName");
        }
        if (priority < Thread.MIN_PRIORITY || priority > Thread.MAX_PRIORITY) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "priority: " + priority + " (expected: Thread.MIN_PRIORITY <= priority <= Thread.MAX_PRIORITY)");
        }
    
        prefix = poolName + '-' + poolId.incrementAndGet() + '-';
        this.daemon = daemon;
        this.priority = priority;
        this.threadGroup = threadGroup;
    }
    其中poolName为nioEventLoopGroup,可以看到线程的前缀为nioEventLoopGroup-自增id-;
  6. NioEventLoopGroup轮询创建NioEventLoop线程组:
    1).调用NioEventLoopGroup的newChild方法:
    protected EventLoop newChild(Executor executor, Object... args) throws Exception {
        return new NioEventLoop(this, executor, (SelectorProvider) args[0],
            ((SelectStrategyFactory) args[1]).newSelectStrategy(), (RejectedExecutionHandler) args[2]);
    }
    2).进入NioEventLoop的构造:
    NioEventLoop(NioEventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider,
                 SelectStrategy strategy, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) {
        super(parent, executor, false, DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_TASKS, rejectedExecutionHandler);
        if (selectorProvider == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("selectorProvider");
        }
        if (strategy == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("selectStrategy");
        }
        provider = selectorProvider;
        selector = openSelector();
        selectStrategy = strategy;
    }
    a.首先调用父类构造保存线程执行器,创建taskQueue有界阻塞队列:
    protected SingleThreadEventExecutor(EventExecutorGroup parent, Executor executor,
                                        boolean addTaskWakesUp, int maxPendingTasks,
                                        RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedHandler) {
        super(parent);
        this.addTaskWakesUp = addTaskWakesUp;
        this.maxPendingTasks = Math.max(16, maxPendingTasks);
        this.executor = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(executor, "executor");
        taskQueue = newTaskQueue(this.maxPendingTasks);
        rejectedExecutionHandler = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(rejectedHandler, "rejectedHandler");
    }
    b.父类构造执行结束后,再保存selectorProvider,和selectStrategy。
    c.为新创建的NioEventLoop创建一个selector:
    private Selector openSelector() {
        final Selector selector;
        try {
            selector = provider.openSelector();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ChannelException("failed to open a new selector", e);
        }
    
        if (DISABLE_KEYSET_OPTIMIZATION) {
            return selector;
        }
    
        final SelectedSelectionKeySet selectedKeySet = new SelectedSelectionKeySet();
    
        Object maybeSelectorImplClass = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
            @Override
            public Object run() {
                try {
                    return Class.forName(
                            "sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl",
                            false,
                            PlatformDependent.getSystemClassLoader());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    return e;
                } catch (SecurityException e) {
                    return e;
                }
            }
        });
    
        if (!(maybeSelectorImplClass instanceof Class) ||
                // ensure the current selector implementation is what we can instrument.
                !((Class<?>) maybeSelectorImplClass).isAssignableFrom(selector.getClass())) {
            if (maybeSelectorImplClass instanceof Exception) {
                Exception e = (Exception) maybeSelectorImplClass;
                logger.trace("failed to instrument a special java.util.Set into: {}", selector, e);
            }
            return selector;
        }
    
        final Class<?> selectorImplClass = (Class<?>) maybeSelectorImplClass;
    
        Object maybeException = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
            @Override
            public Object run() {
                try {
                    Field selectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("selectedKeys");
                    Field publicSelectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("publicSelectedKeys");
    
                    selectedKeysField.setAccessible(true);
                    publicSelectedKeysField.setAccessible(true);
    
                    selectedKeysField.set(selector, selectedKeySet);
                    publicSelectedKeysField.set(selector, selectedKeySet);
                    return null;
                } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                    return e;
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    return e;
                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                    // JDK 9 can throw an inaccessible object exception here; since Netty compiles
                    // against JDK 7 and this exception was only added in JDK 9, we have to weakly
                    // check the type
                    if ("java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException".equals(e.getClass().getName())) {
                        return e;
                    } else {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    
        if (maybeException instanceof Exception) {
            selectedKeys = null;
            Exception e = (Exception) maybeException;
            logger.trace("failed to instrument a special java.util.Set into: {}", selector, e);
        } else {
            selectedKeys = selectedKeySet;
            logger.trace("instrumented a special java.util.Set into: {}", selector);
        }
    
        return selector;
    }
        再创建NioEventLoop的selector时,Netty除了调用JDK创建Selector外,还会将sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl中保存SelectionKey的set集合利用反射用数组 SelectedSelectionKeySet替换掉该set集。
    Field selectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("selectedKeys");
    Field publicSelectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("publicSelectedKeys");
    
    selectedKeysField.setAccessible(true);
    publicSelectedKeysField.setAccessible(true);
    
    selectedKeysField.set(selector, selectedKeySet);
    publicSelectedKeysField.set(selector, selectedKeySet);
    SelectedSelectionKeySet添加SelectionKey时是直接在数组的最后有值位后添加,相比于set集合的add时间复杂度为O(1),SelectedSelectionKeySet的效率更高。
    @Override
    public boolean add(SelectionKey o) {
        if (o == null) {
            return false;
        }
    
        if (isA) {
            int size = keysASize;
            keysA[size ++] = o;
            keysASize = size;
            if (size == keysA.length) {
                doubleCapacityA();
            }
        } else {
            int size = keysBSize;
            keysB[size ++] = o;
            keysBSize = size;
            if (size == keysB.length) {
                doubleCapacityB();
            }
        }
    
        return true;
    }        
  7. 创建NioEventLoop旋转器:
    public EventExecutorChooser newChooser(EventExecutor[] executors) {
        if (isPowerOfTwo(executors.length)) {
            return new PowerOfTowEventExecutorChooser(executors);
        } else {
            return new GenericEventExecutorChooser(executors);
        }
    
    1).首选调用isPowerOfTwo(int val)判断NioEventLoopGroup的NioEventLoop线程组是否是2的幂:
    private static boolean isPowerOfTwo(int val) {
        return (val & -val) == val;
    }
    2).如果是2的幂执行PowerOfTowEventExecutorChooser的构造:
    private static final class PowerOfTowEventExecutorChooser implements EventExecutorChooser {
        private final AtomicInteger idx = new AtomicInteger();
        private final EventExecutor[] executors;
    
        PowerOfTowEventExecutorChooser(EventExecutor[] executors) {
            this.executors = executors;
        }
    
        @Override
        public EventExecutor next() {
            return executors[idx.getAndIncrement() & executors.length - 1];
        }
    }
            PowerOfTowEventExecutorChooser的构造保存NioEventLoop线程组,该类中还有一个next()方法,即是在有事件分配NioEventLoop时调用,下标是每次自增前&上线程数组的长度减1,利用机器码快速选择NioEventLoop;
    3).如果不是2的幂:
    private static final class GenericEventExecutorChooser implements EventExecutorChooser {
        private final AtomicInteger idx = new AtomicInteger();
        private final EventExecutor[] executors;
    
        GenericEventExecutorChooser(EventExecutor[] executors) {
            this.executors = executors;
        }
    
        @Override
        public EventExecutor next() {
            return executors[Math.abs(idx.getAndIncrement() % executors.length)];
        }
    }
            netty在不是2的幂时,分配NioEventLoop,调用next()获取NioEventLoop是自增前的值与线程组长度取余。
            显然与运算的效率要高于求余运算,可见Netty为了效率简直丧心病狂了。。。
  8. 整个NioEventLoop初始化流程就是这些了。Netty既是采用这种主从多线程模型实现高效的异步处理事件。服务端启动两个NioEventLoopGroup,一个boss,一个work,boss负责接受请求分发任务,work负责异步处理任务。boss和work下又有多个 NioEventLoop具体来做事。
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