关于unistd头文件_ubuntu c++头文件unistd-CSDN博客

   unistd.h 是 C 和 C++ 程序设计语言中提供对 POSIX 操作系统 API 的访问功能的头文件的名称。该头文件由 POSIX.1 标准（单一UNIX规范的基础）提出，故所有遵循该标准的操作系统和编译器均应提供该头文件（如 Unix 的所有官方版本，包括 Mac OS X、Linux 等）。
  源码：

#ifndef _UNISTD_H
#define _UNISTD_H
#include <features.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <_ansi.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/_types.h>
#define __need_size_t
#define __need_ptrdiff_t
#include <stddef.h>
extern char **environ;
void  _EXFUN(_exit, (int __status ) _ATTRIBUTE ((noreturn)));
int  _EXFUN(access,(const char *__path, int __amode ));
unsigned _EXFUN(alarm, (unsigned __secs ));
int   _EXFUN(chdir, (const char *__path ));
int   _EXFUN(chmod, (const char *__path, mode_t __mode ));
int   _EXFUN(chown, (const char *__path, uid_t __owner, gid_t __group ));
int   _EXFUN(chroot, (const char *__path ));
int   _EXFUN(close, (int __fildes ));
char  _EXFUN(*ctermid, (char *__s ));
char  _EXFUN(*cuserid, (char *__s ));
int   _EXFUN(dup, (int __fildes ));
int   _EXFUN(dup2, (int __fildes, int __fildes2 ));
int   _EXFUN(execl, (const char *__path, const char *, ... ));
int   _EXFUN(execle, (const char *__path, const char *, ... ));
int   _EXFUN(execlp, (const char *__file, const char *, ... ));
int   _EXFUN(execv, (const char *__path, char * const __argv[] ));
int   _EXFUN(execve, (const char *__path, char * const __argv[], char * const __envp[] ));
int   _EXFUN(execvp, (const char *__file, char * const __argv[] ));
int   _EXFUN(fchdir, (int __fildes));
int   _EXFUN(fchmod, (int __fildes, mode_t __mode ));
int   _EXFUN(fchown, (int __fildes, uid_t __owner, gid_t __group ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(fork, (void ));
long  _EXFUN(fpathconf, (int __fd, int __name ));
int   _EXFUN(fsync, (int __fd));
int   _EXFUN(ftruncate, (int __fd, off_t __length));
char  _EXFUN(*getcwd, (char *__buf, size_t __size ));
int  _EXFUN(getdomainname ,(char *__name, size_t __len));
gid_t  _EXFUN(getegid, (void ));
uid_t  _EXFUN(geteuid, (void ));
gid_t  _EXFUN(getgid, (void ));
int   _EXFUN(getgroups, (int __gidsetsize, gid_t __grouplist[] ));
int   _EXFUN(__gethostname, (char *__name, size_t __len));
char  _EXFUN(*getlogin, (void ));
#if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS)
int _EXFUN(getlogin_r, (char *name, size_t namesize) );
#endif
char   _EXFUN(*getpass, (__const char *__prompt));
int _EXFUN(getpagesize, (void));
pid_t  _EXFUN(getpgid, (pid_t));
pid_t  _EXFUN(getpgrp, (void ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(getpid, (void ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(getppid, (void ));
uid_t  _EXFUN(getuid, (void ));
char *  _EXFUN(getusershell, (void));
char  _EXFUN(*getwd, (char *__buf ));
int   _EXFUN(isatty, (int __fildes ));
int   _EXFUN(lchown, (const char *__path, uid_t __owner, gid_t __group ));
int   _EXFUN(link, (const char *__path1, const char *__path2 ));
int  _EXFUN(nice, (int __nice_value ));
off_t  _EXFUN(lseek, (int __fildes, off_t __offset, int __whence ));
long  _EXFUN(pathconf, (const char *__path, int __name ));
int   _EXFUN(pause, (void ));
int   _EXFUN(pipe, (int __fildes[2] ));
ssize_t _EXFUN(pread, (int __fd, void *__buf, size_t __nbytes, off_t __offset));
ssize_t _EXFUN(pwrite, (int __fd, const void *__buf, size_t __nbytes, off_t __offset));
_READ_WRITE_RETURN_TYPE _EXFUN(read, (int __fd, void *__buf, size_t __nbyte ));
int   _EXFUN(readlink, (const char *path, char *buf, size_t bufsiz));
int   _EXFUN(rmdir, (const char *__path ));
void * _EXFUN(sbrk, (ptrdiff_t __incr));
int   _EXFUN(setegid, (gid_t __gid ));
int   _EXFUN(seteuid, (uid_t __uid ));
int   _EXFUN(setgid, (gid_t __gid ));
int   _EXFUN(setpgid, (pid_t __pid, pid_t __pgid ));
int   _EXFUN(setpgrp, (void ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(setsid, (void ));
int   _EXFUN(setuid, (uid_t __uid ));
unsigned _EXFUN(sleep, (unsigned int __seconds ));
void  _EXFUN(swab, (const void *, void *, ssize_t));
int   _EXFUN(symlink, (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath));
long  _EXFUN(sysconf, (int __name ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(tcgetpgrp, (int __fildes ));
int   _EXFUN(tcsetpgrp, (int __fildes, pid_t __pgrp_id ));
int   _EXFUN(truncate, (const char *, off_t __length));
char * _EXFUN(ttyname, (int __fildes ));
int   _EXFUN(ttyname_r, (int __fildes, char *__buf, size_t __len));
int   _EXFUN(unlink, (const char *__path ));
int   _EXFUN(usleep, (__useconds_t __useconds));
int   _EXFUN(vhangup, (void ));
_READ_WRITE_RETURN_TYPE _EXFUN(write, (int __fd, const void *__buf, size_t __nbyte ));
extern char *optarg;      /** getopt(3) external variables */
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;
int   getopt(int, char * const [], const char *);
extern int optreset;      /** getopt(3) external variable */
#ifndef    _POSIX_SOURCE
pid_t  _EXFUN(vfork, (void ));
extern char *suboptarg;      /** getsubopt(3) external variable */
int   getsubopt(char **, char * const *, char **);
#endif /** _POSIX_SOURCE */
/** Provide prototypes for most of the _<systemcall> names that are
provided in newlib for some compilers. */
int   _EXFUN(_close, (int __fildes ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(_fork, (void ));
pid_t  _EXFUN(_getpid, (void ));
int   _EXFUN(_link, (const char *__path1, const char *__path2 ));
off_t  _EXFUN(_lseek, (int __fildes, off_t __offset, int __whence ));
_READ_WRITE_RETURN_TYPE _EXFUN(_read, (int __fd, void *__buf, size_t __nbyte ));
void * _EXFUN(_sbrk, (size_t __incr));
int   _EXFUN(_unlink, (const char *__path ));
_READ_WRITE_RETURN_TYPE _EXFUN(_write, (int __fd, const void *__buf, size_t __nbyte ));
int   _EXFUN(_execve, (const char *__path, char * const __argv[], char * const __envp[] ));
#define  F_OK  0
#define  R_OK  4
#define  W_OK  2
#define  X_OK  1
# define  SEEK_SET  0
# define  SEEK_CUR  1
# define  SEEK_END  2
#include <sys/features.h>
#define STDIN_FILENO  0    /** standard input file descriptor */
#define STDOUT_FILENO  1    /** standard output file descriptor */
#define STDERR_FILENO  2    /** standard error file descriptor */
#include <bits/environments.h>
#include <bits/confname.h>
# define    MAXPATHLEN   1024
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /** _SYS_UNISTD_H *

unistd.h含有的常量与函数：

ssize_t      read(int, void *, size_t); // 读取文件使用
int          unlink(const char *);
ssize_t      write(int, const void *, size_t); // 写文件
int          usleep(useconds_t); // 进程休眠，单位为微妙
unsigned     sleep(unsigned); // 进程休眠，单位为秒

int          access(const char *, int); // 获取文件的权限
unsigned     alarm(unsigned);
int          chdir(const char *);
int          chown(const char *, uid_t, gid_t);
int          close(int); // 关闭文件
size_t       confstr(int, char *, size_t);
void        _exit(int);
pid_t        fork(void);

NULL         // Null pointer
SEEK_CUR   // Set file offset to current plus offset.
SEEK_END   // Set file offset to EOF plus offset.
SEEK_SET   // Set file offset to offset.

许多在Linux下开发的C程序都需要头文件unistd.h，但VC中没有个头文件，
所以用VC编译总是报错。把下面的内容保存为unistd.h，可以解决这个问题。
/** This file is part of the Mingw32 package.
* unistd.h maps (roughly) to io.h
*/

#ifndef _UNISTD_H
#define _UNISTD_H
#include <io.h>
#include <process.h>
#endif /* _UNISTD_H */