Linux Related

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-15 15:25:00 发布

ych_ding

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-15 15:25:00 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏：其他文章标签： ubuntu linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ych_ding/article/details/48931341

版权

其他专栏收录该内容

14 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Useful Linux Command

ls | wc -l tell how many files in current directory
ls -l | grep ^d list directory items in current directory
pkg-config –static –libs glfw3 tell you how to link glfw3 lib by correct order
locate -b ‘\qmake’ find qmake path using exact name
objdump -t a.out display symbol table of elf file a.out
objdump -h a.out display sections of elf file a.out

problem: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
solution: yum install libX11-devel
problem: /usr/lib64/libX11.so
yum search keyword. 可以从yum 源中查询安装包。
Ubuntu: apt-get install xxx Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (2: No such file or directory)
solution:

$ sudo cp /var/backups/dpkg.status.0 /var/lib/dpkg/status
$ sudo apt-get update

package info search Ubuntu
apt-cache search # (搜索包, 得到一个大概描述)
apt-cache show # (获取包的详细信息，如说明、大小、版本等)
apt-cache depends # (了解使用依赖)
dpkg -l (列出当前系统中所有的包)
例如： sudo dpkg -l | grep vim
详细介绍

动态库相关

查询动态库路径

ldd 查询可运行程序的动态库路径。
ldconfig -p 显示当前缓存的系统动态库路径。

添加动态库路径

/etc/ld.so.conf 文件中的条目可以指定系统动态库的查找路径。
LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量可以临时进行指定，不建议使用。

Linux Kernel 启动参数相关

查看本次启动参数

# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.4.4.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau

rdblacklist=nouveau 阻止模块nouveau加载。
通过grub2设置启动参数
启动参数详解

编辑grub 配置模板 /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

新增命令行 rdblacklist=nouveau, 使用工具重新生成配置。
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
重新生成配置文件 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg，下面为其中一个启动entry。

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64-advanced-ca9839b2-ce16-4d27-913d-8dda7d4ba8f4' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  306e9c81-e781-41af-b348-8446fcf4d9b3
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 306e9c81-e781-41af-b348-8446fcf4d9b3
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau 
        initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img
}

grub 用下面的命令：

sudo update-grub
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-69-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-69-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done

grep 相关

查找typedef 的定义：
grep '^typedef .* GLintptr;'/usr/include/GL/*.h
查找include的头文件：
grep -r '^#include' /usr/include/
-r 查找子目录
-n 显示匹配行号
-I 忽略二进制文件
查询显卡相关信息：

 lspci | grep -i 'vga'
0f:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF110 [GeForce GTX 570] (rev a1)

查询详细信息识别PCI设备

lspci -v -s 0f:00.0
0f:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF110 [GeForce GTX 570] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Leadtek WinFast GTX 570
    Physical Slot: 2
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 30
    Memory at ea000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
    Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M]
    Memory at e8000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
    I/O ports at d000 [size=128]
    [virtual] Expansion ROM at eb080000 [disabled] [size=512K]
    Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
    Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
    Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
    Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
    Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau

Nouveau是由第三方为NVIDIA显卡开发的一个开源3D驱动，也没能得到NVIDIA的认可与支持。虽然Nouveau Gallium3D在游戏速度上还远远无法和NVIDIA官方私有驱动相提并论，不过确让Linux更容易的应对各种复杂的NVIDIA显卡环境，让用户安装完系统即可进入桌面并且有不错的显示效果，所以，很多Linux发行版默认集成了Nouveau驱动，在遇到NVIDIA显卡时默认安装。企业版的Linux更是如此，几乎所有支持图形界面的企业Linux发行版都将Nouveau收入其中。

安装英伟达显卡驱动

禁用nouveau驱动，通过kernel 启动命令行的方式禁止。重启系统，用命令
lsmod | grep nouveau 验证模块是否仍然加载在系统中。

lsmod | grep nouveau
nouveau              1403757  3 
video                  24400  1 nouveau
mxm_wmi                13021  1 nouveau
i2c_algo_bit           13413  1 nouveau
drm_kms_helper        125008  1 nouveau
ttm                    93441  1 nouveau
drm                   349210  6 ttm,drm_kms_helper,nouveau
i2c_core               40582  4 drm,drm_kms_helper,i2c_algo_bit,nouveau
wmi                    19070  3 hp_wmi,mxm_wmi,nouveau

在文本模式下安装显卡驱动，因为安装时候不能使用X WINDOWS。
init 3 重启系统进入文本模式。run level 的详细意义如下：

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:  

#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)  
#   1 - Single user mode  
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)  
#   3 - Full multiuser mode  
#   4 - unused  
#   5 - X11  
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

可以查看当前系统的run level。

# runlevel
N 5
# ps -ef | head
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:24 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
root         2     0  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         8     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root         9     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root        10     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
root        11     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
root        12     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/2]
root        13     2  0 Jan13 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/3]

安装Linux Kernel Interface.
到官网download driver Download ,进入文本模式安装。

install AMD/ATI graphics driver

It is similar to N-card driver install. The difference lies in that after install it also need to
configure x server in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. when driver package installed successfully, a tool called amdconfig will be installed automatically. with its help we can generate AMD
version x server configure file easily, just type amdconfig --initial. For details please amdconfig --help.

lspci | grep -i vga
0f:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cypress XT [Radeon HD 5870]
lspci -v -s 0f:00.0
0f:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cypress XT [Radeon HD 5870] (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Radeon HD 5870 Eyefinity⁶ Edition
    Physical Slot: 2
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 35
    Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
    Memory at f8000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
    I/O ports at d000 [size=256]
    [virtual] Expansion ROM at f8040000 [disabled] [size=128K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: fglrx_pci

Now AMD driver fglrx_pci is in use.

vim 相关

高亮显示匹配项

*向下查找光标所在单词并高亮显示
#向上查找光标所在单词并高亮显示

光标移动

ctrl + o 回到上一次光标所在位置
j 向前(行号+)移动1行， 10j向前移动10行
k 向后(行号-)移动1行， 10k向后移动10行
h 向左移动1列， 10h 向左移动10列，0 移动到行首
l 向右移动1列， 10l 向右移动10列，$ 移动到行首
参考资料

执行shell命令

:!command 不退出vim 执行shell命令command，将命令输出显示在vim的命令区域，不会改变当前编辑的文件的内容。
例如: :!ls -l
:r !command 将shell命令command的结果插入到当前行的下一行
例如: :r !date 读取系统时间并插入到当前行的下一行。
:起始行号,结束行号 !command 将起始行号和结束行号指定的范围中的内容输入到shell命令command处理，并将处理结果替换起始行号和结束行号指定的范围中的内容。
例如: :62,72 !sort 将62行到72行的内容进行排序。 :62 !tr [a-z] [A-Z] 将62行的小写字母转为大写字母。
:起始行号,结束行号 w !command 将起始行号和结束行号所指定的范围的内容作为命令command的输入。不会改变当前编辑的文件的内容。

cscope plugin

tutorial
source code
vim script
nmap key map debug
using following command ctags only parse c source code to build reference index.

ctags `find . -name "*.[ch]" -print`

what about cpp?

find . \( -name *.cpp -o -name *.h \) -print

the following expression is better, details please refer to manual of find command.

find . -regex '.*\.\(c\|h\)' -print

regular expression wiki

Ubuntu14.04 mount windows partitions

blkid query device info

run command:
blkid | grep ‘ntfs’. it can tell the uuid of the remote file system.
fdisk -l | grep ‘NTFS’. it can tell the name of windows partitions.
blkid commd
uuid will be referenced in /etc/fstab.

add entry to /etc/fstab

/etc/fstab
use command man fstab, more details will be found.

mount again

sudo mount -s

ych_ding

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Linux Related

Linux Related Settingspackage install related problemsproblem: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory solution: yum install libX11-devel problem: /usr/lib64/libX11.so yum search keyword. 可以从yum 源中
复制链接

扫一扫