关于 NGINX报错：NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server ，设置nginx开机启动

配置nginx 使用service nginx start ，service nginx stop ,service nginx restart命令操作nginx和nginx随系统启动的方法遇到的问题总结：

环境：centos7.5 系统，nginx1.25.3

一、设置nginx的start 、stop、restart快捷操作

1、首先，在linux系统的/etc/init.d/目录下创建nginx文件，使用如下命令：

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

 新建一个nginx文件。

在文件中加入此代码：（此代码来源于nginx官网给出的：https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/redhatnginxinit/）

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx" #修改为你的nginx安装目录
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/nginx.conf" #修改为你的nginx配置文件目录
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
       useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
   fi
   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
   for opt in $options; do
       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
               # echo "creating" $value
               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
           fi
       fi
   done
}
start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}
restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
force_reload() {
    restart
}
configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

二、修改/etc/init.d/nginx的配置路径

如果你是自定义编译安装的nginx，需要根据您的安装路径修改下面这两项配置：
 

#修改成nginx执行程序的路径（我的nginx路径是“/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/”所以代码里面是这个路径）。
nginx=”/usr/sbin/nginx” 
# 修改成nginx配置文件的路径。
NGINX_CONF_FILE=”/etc/nginx/nginx.conf”

三、添加nginx启动的执行权限

1、添加权限文件的：

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

2、执行添加服务：

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx

 

四、在  /usr/lib/systemd/system 目录中添加 nginx.service

1、新建nginx.service

#新建一个nginx.service文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

2、并且添加如下代码

#nginx.service文件中添加以下代码
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改nginx.service 的代码中的：（标红色的路径是您的nginx安装路径）

PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf

三个参数为你的nginx安装目录。

五、设置开机启动

systemctl enable nginx

以上步骤是我总结的对nginx配置使用以下命令来快捷操作nginx的方法，并且设置开机自动启动nginx

service nginx start
service nginx stop
service nginx restart

做完后我以为就OK了，但是结果往往出人意料。

以下是错误分析

#执行service nginx start启动命令

service nginx start

出现错误：如图

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl):  Warning: nginx.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.

Job for nginx.service failed because a timeout was exceeded. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
                                                           [FAILED]

查看nginx是否启动：

ps -ef | grep nginx

nginx没有启动成功，使用“systemctl status nginx”命令查看错误内容：

systemctl status nginx

如图：显示 Failed to start SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2024-01-10 17:44:37 PST; 5min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 5670 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=6)

Jan 10 17:44:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server...
Jan 10 17:44:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=6
Jan 10 17:44:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server.
Jan 10 17:44:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
Jan 10 17:44:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.

之前自己一直没找到原因（自己有点粗心，不够仔细），通过一阵搜索后，找到类似的报错问题，好多都是说把所有的nginx全部kill，之后再重新启动，或者说的是对端口的占用导致的，先关掉这些占用的程序，再自动nginx就可以了。我尝试了都不行，说明我遇到的问题不是这些原因造成的。

最后静下心来，一步一步排查查看到/etc/init.d/nginx 文件中的代码中，我修改 NGINX_CONF_FILE= "/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/nginx.conf"的配置文件路径出现了错误，把这个值修改为正确的"/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf".

执行service nginx start 启动成功

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl):                            [  OK  ]

查看nginx状态：systemctl status nginx

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-01-10 18:45:33 PST; 3min 40s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 6685 ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 6682 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6687 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─6687 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf
           └─6688 nginx: worker process

Jan 10 18:45:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Jan 10 18:45:33 localhost.localdomain nginx[6682]: nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Jan 10 18:45:33 localhost.localdomain nginx[6682]: nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.25.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Jan 10 18:45:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.