AVFrame的使用方式和一些关键参数详解

一、AVFrame结构体源码（基于ffmpeg 3.3.9）

/**
 * This structure describes decoded (raw) audio or video data.
 *
 * AVFrame must be allocated using av_frame_alloc(). Note that this only
 * allocates the AVFrame itself, the buffers for the data must be managed
 * through other means (see below).
 * AVFrame must be freed with av_frame_free().
 *
 * AVFrame is typically allocated once and then reused multiple times to hold
 * different data (e.g. a single AVFrame to hold frames received from a
 * decoder). In such a case, av_frame_unref() will free any references held by
 * the frame and reset it to its original clean state before it
 * is reused again.
 *
 * The data described by an AVFrame is usually reference counted through the
 * AVBuffer API. The underlying buffer references are stored in AVFrame.buf /
 * AVFrame.extended_buf. An AVFrame is considered to be reference counted if at
 * least one reference is set, i.e. if AVFrame.buf[0] != NULL. In such a case,
 * every single data plane must be contained in one of the buffers in
 * AVFrame.buf or AVFrame.extended_buf.
 * There may be a single buffer for all the data, or one separate buffer for
 * each plane, or anything in between.
 *
 * sizeof(AVFrame) is not a part of the public ABI, so new fields may be added
 * to the end with a minor bump.
 *
 * Fields can be accessed through AVOptions, the name string used, matches the
 * C structure field name for fields accessible through AVOptions. The AVClass
 * for AVFrame can be obtained from avcodec_get_frame_class()
 */
typedef struct AVFrame {
#define AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS 8
    /**
     * pointer to the picture/channel planes.
     * This might be different from the first allocated byte
     *
     * Some decoders access areas outside 0,0 - width,height, please
     * see avcodec_align_dimensions2(). Some filters and swscale can read
     * up to 16 bytes beyond the planes, if these filters are to be used,
     * then 16 extra bytes must be allocated.
     *
     * NOTE: Except for hwaccel formats, pointers not needed by the format
     * MUST be set to NULL.
     */
    uint8_t *data[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];

    /**
     * For video, size in bytes of each picture line.

        对视频来说，

     * For audio, size in bytes of each plane.

     * 对于音频来说，是每个通道的数据的大小

     * For audio, only linesize[0] may be set. For planar audio, each channel
     * plane must be the same size.

       对于视频来说，只有linesize[0]必须被设置，对于planar格式的音频，每个通道必须
       被设置成相同的尺寸 

     
     * For video the linesizes should be multiples of the CPUs alignment
     * preference, this is 16 or 32 for modern desktop CPUs.
     * Some code requires such alignment other code can be slower without
     * correct alignment, for yet other it makes no difference.
        
       对于视频来说，linesizes根据CPUs的内存对其方式不同，可以能是不同的。
     

     * @note The linesize may be larger than the size of usable data -- there
     * may be extra padding present for performance reasons.
        
       linesize的大小可能比实际有用的数据大
       在渲染的时候可能会有额外的距离呈现：之前遇到的绿色条纹
       AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS的默认值是8

     */
    int linesize[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];

    /**
     * pointers to the data planes/channels.
     *
     * For video, this should simply point to data[].

      对于视频来说，指向的是data[]
     
     * For planar audio, each channel has a separate data pointer, and
        对plannar格式的audio数据来说，每个通道有一个分开的data指针
     * linesize[0] contains the size of each channel buffer.
        linesize[0]包括了每个通道的缓冲区的尺寸
       
     * For packed audio, there is just one data pointer, and linesize[0]        
        对与packed 格式的audio,只有一个data指针，linesize[o]
     * contains the total size of the buffer for all channels.
     *  包括了素有通道的尺寸的和。
     * Note: Both data and extended_data should always be set in a valid frame,
     * but for planar audio with more channels that can fit in data,
     * extended_data must be used in order to access all channels.
        data和extended_data 在一个正常的AVFrame中，通常都会被设置，但是对于
        一个plannar格式的有多个通道，且data无法装下所有通道的数据的时候，
        extended_data必须被使用，用来存储多出来的通道的数据的指针
     */
    uint8_t **extended_data;

    /**
     * width and height of the video frame
     */
    int width, height;

    /**
     * number of audio samples (per channel) described by this frame
     */
    int nb_samples;

    /**
     * format of the frame, -1 if unknown or unset
     * Values correspond to enum AVPixelFormat for video frames,
     * enum AVSampleFormat for audio)
     */
    int format;

    /**
     * 1 -> keyframe, 0-> not
     */
    int key_frame;

    /**
     * Picture type of the frame.
     */
    enum AVPictureType pict_type;

    /**
     * Sample aspect ratio for the video frame, 0/1 if unknown/unspecified.
     */
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;

    /**
     * Presentation timestamp in time_base units (time when frame should be shown to user).
     */
    int64_t pts;

#if FF_API_PKT_PTS
    /**
     * PTS copied from the AVPacket that was decoded to produce this frame.
     * @deprecated use the pts field instead
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    int64_t pkt_pts;
#endif

    /**
     * DTS copied from the AVPacket that triggered returning this frame. (if frame threading isn't used)
     * This is also the Presentation time of this AVFrame calculated from
     * only AVPacket.dts values without pts values.
     */
    int64_t pkt_dts;

    /**
     * picture number in bitstream order
     */
    int coded_picture_number;
    /**
     * picture number in display order
     */
    int display_picture_number;

    /**
     * quality (between 1 (good) and FF_LAMBDA_MAX (bad))
     */
    int quality;

    /**
     * for some private data of the user
     */
    void *opaque;

#if FF_API_ERROR_FRAME
    /**
     * @deprecated unused
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
#endif

    /**
     * When decoding, this signals how much the picture must be delayed.
     * extra_delay = repeat_pict / (2*fps)
     */
    int repeat_pict;

    /**
     * The content of the picture is interlaced.
     */
    int interlaced_frame;

    /**
     * If the content is interlaced,