JavaThreadGroup

所有的Thread都有ThreadGoup,同线程存在父子关系,ThreadGroup也存在父子关系。如图:
这里写图片描述
林炳文Evankaka原创作品。转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/evankaka

摘要:线程组ThreadGroup表示一组线程的集合,一旦一个线程归属到一个线程组之中后,就不能再更换其所在的线程组。那么为什么要使用线程组呢?个人认为有以下的好处:方便统一管理,线程组可以进行复制,快速定位到一个线程,统一进行异常设置等。ThreadGroup它其实并不属于Java并发包中的内容,它是java.lang中的内容。但是掌握对其的于理解,在实际应用中有很大的帮助。

一、基本方法

1、获取当前线程组名
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName()
在main方法是调用输出是:main

2、将线程放入到一个线程组中去

ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("group1");
ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup("group2");
Thread thread1 =new Thread(threadGroup1, "group1's member");
Thread thread2 =new Thread(threadGroup2, "group2's member");

其中Thread中和ThreadGroup相关的构造函数:

public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) {
    init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}


public Thread(ThreadGroup group, String name) {
    init(group, null, name, 0);
}


public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name) {
    init(group, target, name, 0);
}

public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name,
              long stackSize) {
    init(group, target, name, stackSize);
}

它们最终都是调用同一个函数:

    private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
                      long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc) {
        if (name == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
        }

        this.name = name.toCharArray();

        Thread parent = currentThread();
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (g == null) {
            /* Determine if it's an applet or not */

            /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
               what to do. */
            if (security != null) {
                g = security.getThreadGroup();
            }

            /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter
               use the parent thread group. */
            if (g == null) {
                g = parent.getThreadGroup();
            }
        }

        /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
           explicitly passed in. */
        g.checkAccess();

        /*
         * Do we have the required permissions?
         */
        if (security != null) {
            if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
                security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
            }
        }

        g.addUnstarted();

        this.group = g;
        this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
        this.priority = parent.getPriority();
        if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
            this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
        else
            this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
        this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
                acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
        this.target = target;
        setPriority(priority);
        if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
            this.inheritableThreadLocals =
                ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
        /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
        this.stackSize = stackSize;

        /* Set thread ID */
        tid = nextThreadID();
    }

3、复制线程组:

这样可以复制group里面的thread信息

    Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadGroup.activeCount()];
    threadGroup.enumerate(threads);

这里的activeCount很明显就是取得活动的线程,注意。默认情况 下,连同其子线程组也会进行复制。

4、未捕获异常处理

ThreadGroup中有一个uncaughtException()方法。当线程组中某个线程发生Unchecked exception异常时,由执行环境调用此方法进行相关处理,如果有必要,可以重新定义此方法

二、应用实例
1、实例应用

package com.func.axc.threadgroup;


import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

class Result {

    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

public class SearchTask implements Runnable {

    public SearchTask(Result result) {
        this.result = result;
    }

    private Result result;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        System.out.println("Thread Start " + name);
        try {
            doTask();
            result.setName(name);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.printf("Thread %s: Interrupted\n", name);
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("Thread end " + name);
    }

    private void doTask() throws InterruptedException {
        Random random = new Random((new Date()).getTime());
        int value = (int) (random.nextDouble() * 100);
        System.out.printf("Thread %s: %d\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(),
                value);
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(value);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("main thread start:");

        //创建5个线程,并入group里面进行管理
        ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("Searcher");
        Result result = new Result();
        SearchTask searchTask = new SearchTask(result);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            Thread thred = new Thread(threadGroup, searchTask);
            thred.start();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //通过这种方法可以看group里面的所有信息
        System.out.printf("Number of Threads: %d\n", threadGroup.activeCount());
        System.out.printf("Information about the Thread Group\n");
        threadGroup.list();

        //这样可以复制group里面的thread信息
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadGroup.activeCount()];
        threadGroup.enumerate(threads);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadGroup.activeCount(); i++) {
            System.out.printf("Thread %s: %s\n", threads[i].getName(),
                    threads[i].getState());
        }

        waitFinish(threadGroup);
        //将group里面的所有线程都给interpet
        threadGroup.interrupt();

        System.out.println("main thread end:");
    }

    private static void waitFinish(ThreadGroup threadGroup) {
        while (threadGroup.activeCount() > 0) {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

输出结果:
这里写图片描述

2、统一异常处理实例

package com.func.axc.threadgroup;

/**
 * 功能概要:
 * 
 * @author linbingwen
 * @since 2016年6月11日
 */
public class ThreadGroupDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadGroup threadGroup1 =
        // 这是匿名类写法
        new ThreadGroup("group1") {
            // 继承ThreadGroup并重新定义以下方法
            // 在线程成员抛出unchecked exception
            // 会执行此方法
            public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
                System.out.println(t.getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
            }
        };
        // 这是匿名类写法
        Thread thread1 =
        // 这个线程是threadGroup1的一员
        new Thread(threadGroup1, new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                // 抛出unchecked异常
                throw new RuntimeException("测试异常");
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
    }

}

三、源码解读
首先看其包含的变量

public class ThreadGroup implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
    private final ThreadGroup parent;//父亲ThreadGroup
    String name;//ThreadGroupr 的名称
    int maxPriority;//线程最大优先级
    boolean destroyed;//是否被销毁
    boolean daemon;//是否守护线程
    boolean vmAllowSuspension;//是否可以中断

    int nUnstartedThreads = 0;//还未启动的线程
    int nthreads;//ThreadGroup中线程数目
    Thread threads[];//ThreadGroup中的线程

    int ngroups;//线程组数目
    ThreadGroup groups[];//线程组数组

从源码中可以看出,其包含的变量并不是很多。这里需要注意

(1)线程组也可以包含其他线程组。如上面的groups[].

(2)线程组构成一棵树,在树中,除了初始线程组外,每个线程组都有一个父线程组

构造函数:

    //私有构造函数
    private ThreadGroup() { 
        this.name = "system";
        this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;
        this.parent = null;
    }
  //默认是以当前ThreadGroup传入作为parent  ThreadGroup,新线程组的父线程组是目前正在运行线程的线程组。
   public ThreadGroup(String name) {
       this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);
   }

   //构造函数
   public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name) {
       this(checkParentAccess(parent), parent, name);
   }

   //私有构造函数
   private ThreadGroup(Void unused, ThreadGroup parent, String name) {
       this.name = name;
       this.maxPriority = parent.maxPriority;
       this.daemon = parent.daemon;
       this.vmAllowSuspension = parent.vmAllowSuspension;
       this.parent = parent;
       parent.add(this);
   }

其终的调用构造函数只有一个,父线程组的 checkAccess 方法在checkParentAccess中会调用:

       //检查parent ThreadGroup
    private static Void checkParentAccess(ThreadGroup parent) {
        parent.checkAccess();
        return null;
    }

未捕获异常设置:

    public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
    if (parent != null) {
        parent.uncaughtException(t, e);//父线程组不为空,设置到父线程组
    } else {
            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh = 
                Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
            if (ueh != null) {
                ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
            } else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
        System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
                 + t.getName() + "\" ");
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
            }
        }
    }

如果父线程组存在, 则调用它的uncaughtException方法.
如果父线程组不存在, 但指定了默认处理器 (下节中的As the default handler for the application), 则调用默认的处理器
如果默认处理器没有设置, 则写错误日志.但如果 exception是ThreadDeath实例的话, 忽略

线程组复制:

    //此线程组及其子组中的所有活动线程复制到指定数组中。
    public int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[]) {
        checkAccess();
    return enumerate(list, 0, true);
    }
     //此线程组及其子组中的所有活动线程复制到指定数组中。
    public int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[], boolean recurse) {
        checkAccess();
    return enumerate(list, 0, recurse);
    }
    //此线程组中的所有活动线程复制到指定数组中。如果 recurse 标志为 true,则还包括对此线程的子组中的所有活动线程的引用。如果数组太小而无法保持所有线程,则    //忽略额外的线程。
    private int enumerate(ThreadGroup list[], int n, boolean recurse) {
    int ngroupsSnapshot = 0;
    ThreadGroup[] groupsSnapshot = null;
    synchronized (this) {
        if (destroyed) {
        return 0;
        }
        int ng = ngroups;
        if (ng > list.length - n) {//防止list放不下线程数目
        ng = list.length - n;
        }
        if (ng > 0) {
        System.arraycopy(groups, 0, list, n, ng);//复制线程组
        n += ng;
        }
        if (recurse) { //取得其子组
        ngroupsSnapshot = ngroups;
        if (groups != null) {
                    groupsSnapshot = Arrays.copyOf(groups, ngroupsSnapshot);
        } else {
            groupsSnapshot = null;
        }
        }
    }
    if (recurse) {//复制子组
        for (int i = 0 ; i < ngroupsSnapshot ; i++) {
        n = groupsSnapshot[i].enumerate(list, n, true);
        }
    }
    return n;
    }

上面就是一些主要的方法,其它的就不再细讲了。下一讲我们再来看看ThreadFactory、ThreadLocal这些经常看到的类。

参考文章:

http://blog.csdn.net/edward_qing_lee/article/details/8767612

http://www.tuicool.com/articles/3aUjea

http://www.apihome.cn/api/java/ThreadGroup.html

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