前言
greenDAO是greenrobot Open Source Libraries的一个开源框架,同时greenrobot Open Source Libraries还有一个优秀的开源框架EventBus。greenDAO是用来替代Android原始的SQLite数据库操作以便节省开发者开发成本的一款优秀的ORM(object/relational mapping)框架,将SQLite数据库的操作封装成简单的面向对象API,避免了写sql语句,同时还进行了数据库操作性能的优化。
借用官网一张图:
greenDAO框架地址:
官网:http://greenrobot.org/greendao/
文档:http://greenrobot.org/greendao/documentation/
集成greenDAO
在root build.gradle(project的build.gradle)中如下配置:
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
mavenCentral() // add repository
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.1'
classpath 'org.greenrobot:greendao-gradle-plugin:3.2.2' // add plugin
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
在app build.gradle中添加:compile 'org.greenrobot:greendao:3.2.2'
:
apply plugin: 'org.greenrobot.greendao' // apply plugin
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
compile 'org.greenrobot:greendao:3.2.2' // add library
}
ok,重新同步一下项目即可。
初始化greenDAO
(1) 创建实体类,如创建一个Book.java
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Entity;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Id;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Index;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.NotNull;
/**
* Created by LT on 2017/8/19.
*/
@Entity(indexes = {
@Index(value = "name,author DESC",unique = true)
})
public class Book {
@Id
private Long id;
@NotNull
private String name;
@NotNull
private String author;
}
greenDAO 3使用注解进行Entity的配置,接着我们需要在Android Studio中Make Project让框架的触发器生成相关类。
Make Project后Book.java将变成:
package com.lt.greendao.entity;
import android.renderscript.Sampler;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Entity;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Id;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Index;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.NotNull;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Generated;
/**
* Created by LT on 2017/8/19.
*/
@Entity(indexes = {
@Index(value = "name,author DESC",unique = true)
})
public class Book {
@Id
private Long id;
@NotNull
private String name;
@NotNull
private String author;
@Generated(hash = 423030529)
public Book(Long id, @NotNull String name, @NotNull String author) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
}
@Generated(hash = 1839243756)
public Book() {
}
public Long getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return this.author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
}
同时还会在build/generated/source/…下生成BookDao,DaoMaster,DaoSession这3个类,如图:
(2)初始化greenDAO
一般我们会在我们自己的Application中初始化greenDAO,如:
package com.lt.greendao;
import android.app.Application;
import com.lt.greendao.entity.DaoMaster;
import com.lt.greendao.entity.DaoSession;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.database.Database;
/**
* Created by LT on 2017/8/19.
*/
public class App extends Application {
public static final boolean ENCRYPTED = true; // 一个用于是否切换标准的数据库和加密后的数据库的标志
private DaoSession mDaoSession;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
initGreenDAO();
}
public void initGreenDAO(){
DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper helper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(this, ENCRYPTED ? "books-db-encrypted" : "books-db");
Database db = ENCRYPTED ? helper.getEncryptedWritableDb("super-secret") : helper.getWritableDb();
mDaoSession = new DaoMaster(db).newSession();
}
public DaoSession getDaoSession() {
return mDaoSession;
}
}
注意:
我们使用的是greenDAO加密的数据库,需要在App build.gradle中添加如下库,不然运行的时候会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError错误:
// This is only needed if you want to use encrypted databases compile 'net.zetetic:android-database-sqlcipher:3.5.6'
别忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中修改Application的name属性。
(3)得到Entity对应的Dao对象,然后通过这个Dao(Data Access Object)对象操作数据库,如:
// 得到BookDao
DaoSession daoSession = ((App) getApplication()).getDaoSession();
mBookDao = daoSession.getBookDao();
使用greenDAO操作数据库
数据的基本操作增删改查(CRUD)
(1)添加
Book book = new Book();
book.setName(name);
book.setAuthor(author);
mBookDao.insert(book);
Log.i(TAG,"添加了一本书,id为:"+book.getId());
注意别自己设置Entity的id,greenDAO会自动生成id。
(2)删除(通过Entity的Dao对象执行deleteX()方法可以根据条件进行删除)
mBookDao.deleteAll(); // 删除所有
(3)更新
book.setName("luotong");
mBookDao.update(book);
(4)查找(还有一些系查找方法,支持原始sql查询,loadAll()…)
Query<Book> build = mBookDao.queryBuilder().build();
List<Book> list = build.list();
…
遇到的问题
(1)问题描述
- Error:Unable to find method ‘org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskInputs.file(Ljava/lang/Object;)Lorg/gradle/api/tasks/TaskInputFilePropertyBuilder;’.
Possible causes for this unexpected error include:- Gradle’s dependency cache may be corrupt (this sometimes occurs after a network connection timeout.)
Re-download dependencies and sync project (requires network) - The state of a Gradle build process (daemon) may be corrupt. Stopping all Gradle daemons may solve this problem.
Stop Gradle build processes (requires restart) - Your project may be using a third-party plugin which is not compatible with the other plugins in the project or the version of Gradle requested by the project.
- Gradle’s dependency cache may be corrupt (this sometimes occurs after a network connection timeout.)
解决办法:
将project的build.gradle中的gradle的classpath替换成classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.1
如:
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
mavenCentral() // add repository
}
dependencies {
// classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0'
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.1'
classpath 'org.greenrobot:greendao-gradle-plugin:3.2.2' // add plugin
}
}
(2)问题描述
- A problem occurred evaluating project ‘:app’.
java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/android/build/gradle/AppPlugin : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0
解决办法:
Android Studio高版本需要JDK 1.8以上版本,将Android Studio的JDK版本改成1.8即可。
总结
greenDAO号称是最快的Android ORM框架,具有许多的优点,高性能,小体积,简单易用…,可以完成大部分原生sql可以完成的操作,具体需求可以查看[官方文档](http://greenrobot.org/greendao/documentation/)及API,greenDAO还提供了RxJava的实现,同时相比2.0它使用更加简单,不再需要新建一个DaoGenerator的Java项目生成Dao,Master及Session类了 。