SPARQL Query Language for RDF 1 基本内容

RDF(Resource Description Framework)

1. RDF is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web
2. Concepts

• Graph data model
• URI-based vocabulary
• Datatypes
• Literals
• XML serialization syntax
• Expression of simple facts
• Entailment

Graph data model

1. The basic structure of RDF is a collection of triples. Each triple has :

• subject
• predicate
• object

2. A set of such triples is called an RDF graph

• The direction of the triples: use the subject to (use property) predictObject
• It is a node-to-node relationship
• Nodes in the graph: subjects and objects
  

4. An RDF triple is written in the order subject, predicate, object

• Subject: RDF URI reference or a blank node
• Predicate/Property: RDF URI reference : the property of the triple, it denotes a certain relatioship说白了就是Subject和Object沟通的桥梁，相当于外键-主键
• Object: RDF URI reference, a literal or a blank node

URI-based Vocabulary and Node Identification

1. URI reference or lieral used as node identifiers. It represents what a node represents or what the relationship is

• The predicate can also be a node in the graph

2. A node may be one of:

• a URI with optinal fragment identifier
• literal
• blank

2. Properties are URI references

Datatypes

Namespaces

Prefix	IRI
rdf	http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs:	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
fn:	http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions#

Data Descriptions

SPARQL query language uses the Turtle data fromat to show each triple
Turtle allows IRIs to be abbreviated with prefixes

Turtle: Terse RDF Triple languagle

https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/

Result Descriptions

x	y	z
“Alice”	“http://example/a”

1. Binding is a pair(variable, RDF term)
2. In this results, there are three variables: x y z
3. variable x is bound to Alice, variable y is bound to "http://example/a
4. variable z is not bound to an RDF term
5. variable are not neccessarly to be bound