SpringMVC示例详解

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-03 17:43:05 发布

yehy0525

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-03 17:43:05 发布

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分类专栏： spring 文章标签： SpringMVC

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一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
  </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- scan the package and the sub package --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:component-scan</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">base-package</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"test.SpringMVC"</span>/&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- don't handle the static resource --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">mvc:default-servlet-handler</span> /&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">mvc:annotation-driven</span> /&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span> 
        <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"internalResourceViewResolver"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- 前缀 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"prefix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/WEB-INF/jsp/"</span> /&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- 后缀 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"suffix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">".jsp"</span> /&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">bean</span>&gt;</span>

</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/hello"</span>)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">hello</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>{        
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hello"</span>;
}

}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

//match automatically
    @RequestMapping("/person")
    public String toPerson(String name,double age){
        System.out.println(name+" "+age);
        return "hello";
    }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
private String name;
private int age;

}

2.在Controller里编写方法

//boxing automatically
    @RequestMapping("/person1")
    public String toPerson(Person p){
        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
        return "hello";
    }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder
    @RequestMapping("/date")
    public String date(Date date){
        System.out.println(date);
        return "hello";
    }
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"</span>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@InitBinder</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">initBinder</span><span class="hljs-params">(ServletRequestDataBinder binder)</span></span>{
    binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">new</span> CustomDateEditor(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">new</span> SimpleDateFormat(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"yyyy-MM-dd"</span>),
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">true</span>));
}</pre>

七、向前台传递参数

//pass the parameters to front-end
    @RequestMapping("/show")
    public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
        Person p =new Person();
        map.put("p", p);
        p.setAge(20);
        p.setName("jayjay");
        return "show";
    }

前台可在Request域中取到”p”

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
    public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
        pw.write("hello,"+name);        
    }
    @RequestMapping("/name")
    public String sayHello(){
        return "name";
    }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

$(function(){
              $("#btn").click(function(){
                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
                      alert(data);
                  });
              });
          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect 
    @RequestMapping("/redirect")
    public String redirect(){
        return "redirect:hello";
    }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
    </bean>

3.方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
        MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
                "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
        fos.write(file.getBytes());
        fos.flush();
        fos.close();
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hello"</span>;
}</pre>

4.前台form表单

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
          <input type="file" name="file"><br>
          <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
    @RequestMapping(value="/param")
    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
        System.out.println(id+" "+name);
        return "/hello";
    }    
}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println("get"+id);
        return "/hello";
    }
@RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/user/{id}"</span>,method=RequestMethod.POST)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">post</span>(<span class="hljs-params">@PathVariable(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"id"</span></span>) Integer id)</span>{
    System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"post"</span>+id);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/hello"</span>;
}

@RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/user/{id}"</span>,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">put</span>(<span class="hljs-params">@PathVariable(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"id"</span></span>) Integer id)</span>{
    System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"put"</span>+id);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/hello"</span>;
}

@RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/user/{id}"</span>,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">delete</span>(<span class="hljs-params">@PathVariable(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"id"</span></span>) Integer id)</span>{
    System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"delete"</span>+id);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/hello"</span>;
}

}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
        <input type="submit" value="put">
    </form>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">form</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">action</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"rest/user/1"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">method</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"post"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"post"</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">form</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">form</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">action</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"rest/user/1"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">method</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"get"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"get"</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">form</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">form</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">action</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"rest/user/1"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">method</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"post"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hidden"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"_method"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"DELETE"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"delete"</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">form</span>&gt;</span></pre>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/user"</span>)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span>  User <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>{
    User u = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">new</span> User();
    u.setId(<span class="hljs-number" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">1</span>);
    u.setName(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"jayjay"</span>);
    u.setBirth(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">new</span> Date());
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> u;
}

}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
        System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
        return mv;
    }
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/error"</span>)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">error</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">5</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hello"</span>;
}</pre>

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
        return mv;
    }
}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">afterCompletion</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletRequest arg0,
        HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">throws</span> Exception </span>{
    System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"afterCompletion"</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">postHandle</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
        Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">throws</span> Exception </span>{
    System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"postHandle"</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">preHandle</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
        Object arg2)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">throws</span> Exception </span>{
    System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"preHandle"</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">true</span>;
}

}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
            <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>        
    </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程 (未选中不用导入)

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }    
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@Past</span>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@DateTimeFormat</span>(pattern=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"yyyy-MM-dd"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">private</span> Date birth;

}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
        id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
        name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
        birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
        <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    
    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            
            return "addUser";
        }
        return "showUser";
    }
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(value=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/add"</span>,method=RequestMethod.GET)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">add</span><span class="hljs-params">(Map&lt;String,Object&gt; map)</span></span>{
    map.put(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"user"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">new</span> User());
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"addUser"</span>;
}

}

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->
    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
        <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
    </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

<body>
    <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
    <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
  </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏–整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

2.User实体类

public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }    
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@Past</span>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@DateTimeFormat</span>(pattern=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"yyyy-MM-dd"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">private</span> Date birth;

}

3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {
    public UserService(){
        System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");
    }
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">save</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>)</span>{
    System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"save"</span>);
}

}

4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/user"</span>)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">saveUser</span><span class="hljs-params">(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u)</span></span>{
    System.out.println(u);
    userService.save();
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hello"</span>;
}

}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

    "</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">xmlns:util</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">xmlns:p</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">xmlns:context</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"</span>    
    &gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:component-scan</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">base-package</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"test.SpringMVC.integrate"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:exclude-filter</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"annotation"</span> 
        <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">expression</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"</span>/&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:exclude-filter</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"annotation"</span> 
        <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">expression</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"</span>/&gt;</span>        
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">context:component-scan</span>&gt;</span>

</beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC -->
  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
    </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
  </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- scan the package and the sub package --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:component-scan</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">base-package</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"test.SpringMVC"</span>/&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- don't handle the static resource --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">mvc:default-servlet-handler</span> /&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">mvc:annotation-driven</span> /&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span> 
        <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"internalResourceViewResolver"</span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- 前缀 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"prefix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/WEB-INF/jsp/"</span> /&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color:rgb(153,153,136)">&lt;!-- 后缀 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"suffix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr" style="color:rgb(0,128,128)">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">".jsp"</span> /&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color:rgb(0,0,128)">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">bean</span>&gt;</span>

</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {
<span class="hljs-meta" style="color:rgb(153,153,153); font-weight:bold">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"/hello"</span>)
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="color:rgb(153,0,0); font-weight:bold">hello</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>{        
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-weight:bold">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color:rgb(221,17,68)">"hello"</span>;
}

}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

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SpringMVC示例详解

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置&amp;lt;!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configu...
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