设置 sudo 用户

Linux版本：CentOS 6.5 64位/CentOS 7 64位

如想在非 root 用户下执行 root 权限命令，需切换至 root 用户或者使用 sudo 命令。前者在命令较少时显得有些麻烦，而后者则需当前用户具有 sudo 权限，即用户在 sudo 分组中。

将用户加入 sudo 分组：

#切换至 root 用户
[admin@localhost ~]$ su
密码：
#编辑 sudo 分组
[root@localhost admin]# visudo
...截取部分配置如下...
root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
admin   ALL=(ALL)       ALL    #将 admin 用户添加至 sudo 分组
......

然而，如仅像上文那样设置，则在使用 ssh 远程连接主机时无法使用 sudo 命令，提示信息如下：

sudo: 没有终端存在，且未指定 askpass 程序

这时需要将 admin 用户设置为免密使用 sudo 命令，截取部分配置具体如下：

...

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
admin   ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL    #免密配置

...

原以为这样就可以了，然而在使用 ssh 远程连接进行 sudo 操作时仍然报错并显示相同信息，查看配置文件后发现，是配置文件后的组权限配置覆盖了之前的用户权限，即将之前 admin 用户的免密配置被之后的组权限配置覆盖了，还原成了需要密码才能使用 sudo 命令。再次配置组权限如下：

...
root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
admin   ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

...

%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       ALL    #此配置覆盖了之前的用户免密配置
%admin  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL    # admin 组免密

...

后来想想，完全可以直接配置免密使用 sudo 的用户组，然后将需要此权限的用户加入用户组，真是白费了一番功夫。
最后的配置：

## Sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as
## the root user, without needing the root password.
##
## Examples are provided at the bottom of the file for collections

## Host Aliases
## Groups of machines. You may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using
## wildcards for entire domains) or IP addresses instead.
# Host_Alias     FILESERVERS = fs1, fs2
## User Aliases
## These aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups
# User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem


## Command Aliases
## These are groups of related commands...

## Networking

## Installation and management of software
# Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum

## Services

## Updating the locate database
# Cmnd_Alias LOCATE = /usr/bin/updatedb

## Storage

# Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall

## Drivers
# Cmnd_Alias DRIVERS = /sbin/modprobe

# Defaults specification

#
# Refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty.
#
Defaults   !visiblepw

#
# Preserving HOME has security implications since many programs
# use it when searching for configuration files. Note that HOME
# is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so
# this option is only effective for configurations where either
# env_reset is disabled or HOME is present in the env_keep list.
#
Defaults    always_set_home
Defaults    match_group_by_gid

Defaults    env_reset
Defaults    env_keep =  "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS"
Defaults    env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"

#
# Adding HOME to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted
# commands via sudo.
#
# Defaults   env_keep += "HOME"

Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on
## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple
## systems).
## Syntax:
##
##      user    MACHINE=COMMANDS
##
## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.
##
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

## Allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software,
## service management apps and more.
# %sys ALL = NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, SERVICES, STORAGE, DELEGATING, PROCESSES, L
OCATE, DRIVERS

## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       ALL
%admin  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL    # admin 组免密

## Same thing without a password
# %wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the
## cdrom as root
# %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom

## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system
# %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d