python基础语法（二）基本扩展模块：简单绘图

利用turtle模块，进行图形绘制
1.绘制一个边长100，宽度为5个像素的绿色正方形

import turtle

p = turtle.Pen()
p.pencolor("green")
p.pensize(5)
for i in range(4):
    p.forward(100)
    p.right(90)

turtle.done()

2.绘制一个边长100，宽度为7个像素的红色五角星

import turtle

p = turtle.Pen()
p.pencolor("red")
p.pensize(7)
for i in range(5):
    p.forward(100)
    p.right(144)

turtle.done()

3.绘制一棵树，包括枝干和树叶，并涂上颜色

import turtle

def tree(branchLen,t):
    if branchLen > 5:
        t.forward(branchLen)
        t.right(20)
        tree(branchLen-15,t)
        t.left(40)
        tree(branchLen-15,t)
        t.right(20)
        t.backward(branchLen)
def main():   
    t = turtle.Turtle()
    mywin = turtle.Screen()
    turtle.bgcolor('lightgrey')
    t.left(90)
    t.up()
    t.backward(100)
    t.down()              
    t.color("green")
    tree(75,t)    
    mywin.exitonclick()

main()
turtle.done()

网上扒了两颗树：

1.

import turtle
import random
import math
from time import sleep


def tree(branchLen,t):
    if branchLen > 5:
        if 8 <= branchLen <= 12:
            if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:
                t.color('snow')
            else:
                t.color('lightcoral')
            t.pensize(branchLen / 3)
        elif branchLen < 8:
            if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
                t.color('snow')
            else:
                t.color('lightcoral')
            t.pensize(branchLen / 2)
        else:
            t.color('sienna')
            t.pensize(branchLen / 10)

        t.forward(branchLen)
        a = 1.5 * random.random()
        t.right(20*a)
        b = 1.5 * random.random()
        tree(branchLen-10*b, t)
        t.left(40*a)
        tree(branchLen-10*b, t)
        t.right(20*a)
        t.up()
        t.backward(branchLen)
        t.down()

def main():   
    t = turtle.Turtle()
    w = turtle.Screen()
    turtle.bgcolor('lightgrey')
    t.left(90)
    t.up()
    t.backward(100)
    t.down()              
    t.color("sienna")
    tree(60,t)             
    w.exitonclick()

main()
turtle.done()

2.

from turtle import *
from random import *
from math import *

def tree(n,l):
    pd()#下笔
    #阴影效果
    t = cos(radians(heading()+45))/8+0.25
    pencolor(t,t,t)
    pensize(n/3)
    forward(l)#画树枝

    if n>0:
        b = random()*15+10 #右分支偏转角度
        c = random()*15+10 #左分支偏转角度
        d = l*(random()*0.25+0.7) #下一个分支的长度
        #右转一定角度,画右分支
        right(b)
        tree(n-1,d)
        #左转一定角度，画左分支
        left(b+c)
        tree(n-1,d)
        #转回来
        right(c)
    else:
        #画叶子
        right(90)
        n=cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5
        pencolor(n,n*0.8,n*0.8)
        circle(3)
        left(90)
        #添加0.3倍的飘落叶子
        if(random()>0.7):
            pu()
            #飘落
            t = heading()
            an = -40 +random()*40
            setheading(an)
            dis = int(800*random()*0.5 + 400*random()*0.3 + 200*random()*0.2)
            forward(dis)
            setheading(t)
            #画叶子
            pd()
            right(90)
            n = cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5
            pencolor(n*0.5+0.5,0.4+n*0.4,0.4+n*0.4)
            circle(2)
            left(90)
            pu()
            #返回
            t=heading()
            setheading(an)
            backward(dis)
            setheading(t)
    pu()
    backward(l)#退回

bgcolor(0.5,0.5,0.5)#背景色
ht()#隐藏turtle
speed(0)#速度 1-10渐进，0 最快
tracer(0,0)
pu()#抬笔
backward(100)
left(90)#左转90度
pu()#抬笔
backward(300)#后退300
tree(12,100)#递归7层
done()

另：