shell编程学习

变量的高级用法

变量替换

##变量替换（贪婪，从前往后匹配，匹配到进行删除）
test1='I love you,you love me'
echo $test1
handletest1=${test1##*ov}
echo $handletest1

##变量替换（非贪婪，从前往后匹配，匹配到进行删除）
test2='I love you,you love me'
echo $test2
handletest2=${test2#*ov}
echo $handletest2

##变量替换（非贪婪，从后往前匹配，匹配到进行删除）
test3='I love you,you love me'
echo $test3
handletest2=${test3%ov*}
echo $handletest2

##变量替换（贪婪，从后往前匹配，匹配到进行删除）
test3='I love you,you love me'
echo $test3
handletest2=${test3%%ov*}
echo $handletest2

handletest2=${test3/ov/ef}
handletest2=${test3//ov/ef}

字符串处理

[root@localhost ~]# var1="Hello world"
[root@localhost ~]# len=${#var1}
[root@localhost ~]# echo $len
11
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# len=`expr length "$len"`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $len
2
[root@localhost ~]#

获取字符索引

[root@localhost ~]# var1="Quickstart is a app"
[root@localhost ~]# ind=`expr index "$var1" start`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $ind
6
[root@localhost ~]# ind=`expr index "$var1" uniq`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $ind
2
[root@localhost ~]# ind=`expr index "$var1" cniq`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $ind
3
[root@localhost ~]#

获取子串长度

[root@localhost ~]# var1="quicstart is a app"
[root@localhost ~]# sub_len=`expr match "$var1" app`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $sub_len
0
[root@localhost ~]# sub_len=`expr match "$var1" quic`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $sub_len
4
[root@localhost ~]# sub_len=`expr match "$var1" quic*`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $sub_len
4

抽取字符串中的子串

[root@localhost ~]# var1="kafka hadoop yarn mapreduce"
[root@localhost ~]# substr1=${var1:10}
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr1
op yarn mapreduce
[root@localhost ~]# substr2=${var1:10:5}
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr2
op ya
[root@localhost ~]# substr3=${var1:-5}
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr3
kafka hadoop yarn mapreduce
[root@localhost ~]# substr5=`expr substr "$var1" 10 5`
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr5
oop y
[root@localhost ~]# substr3=${var1: -5}
[root@localhost ~]# echo substr3
substr3
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr3
educe
[root@localhost ~]# substr3=${var1: -5:4}
[root@localhost ~]# echo $substr3
educ
[root@localhost ~]#

案例测试

#!/bin/bash

string="Bigdata process framework is Hadoop,Hadoop is an open source project"

function print_tips
{
    echo "***********************"
    echo "1.打印string长度"
    echo "2.删除字符串中的所有Hadoop"
    echo "3.替换第一个Hadoop为Mapreduce"
    echo "4.替换全部的Hadoop为Mapreduce"
    echo "***********************"
}


function len_of_string
{
	echo "${#string}"
}

function del_hadoop
{
	echo "${string//Hadoop/}"
}

function rep_hadoop_first
{
	echo "${string/Hadoop/Mapreduce}"
}

function rep_hadoop_all
{
	echo "${string//Hadoop/Mapreduce}"
}

while true
do
	echo "【string=$string】"
	echo
	print_tips
	read -p "pls input your choice(1,2,3,4,q,Q):" choice
    	case $choice in
		1)
			len_of_string
			;;
		2)
			del_hadoop
			;;
		3)
			rep_hadoop_first
			;;
		4)	
			rep_hadoop_all
			;;
		q|Q)
			exit
			;;
		*)
			echo "Error"
			;;
	esac
done