mysql优化体系--innodb核心参数配置

概述

今天主要分享几个关于innodb的参数，以下考虑主要为 Innodb 引擎, key_buffer_size 不考虑。对于实例级别或线程级别参数设置,暂不考虑。

innodb_buffer_pool_size

用于缓存 索引 和 数据的内存大小, 这个当然是越多越好, 数据读写在内存中非常快, 减少了对磁盘的读写。 当数据提交或满足检查点条件后才一次性将内存数据刷新到磁盘中。然而内存还有操作系统或数据库其他进程使用, 一般设置 buffer pool 大小为总内存的 3/4 至 4/5。 若设置不当, 内存使用可能浪费或者使用过多。

对于繁忙的服务器, buffer pool 将划分为多个实例以提高系统并发性, 减少线程间读写缓存的争用。buffer pool 的大小首先受 innodb_buffer_pool_instances 影响, 当然影响较小。

innodb_buffer_pool_instances

buffer pool 被划分为多个缓存实例的数量, 为固定值,不动态变更。当较多数据加载到内存时, 使用多缓存实例能减少缓存争用情况。

当 innodb_buffer_pool_size 大于 1GB 时, innodb_buffer_pool_instances 默认为 8。如有更多buffer pool, 平均每个instances 至少1GB。

 

innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size

When increasing or decreasing innodb_buffer_pool_size, the operation is performed in chunks. Chunk size is defined by theinnodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size configuration option, which has a default of 128M.

innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size 默认 128MB (更改不需重启),增加单位为 1MB 。

innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size 的最大值估算如下：

MAX(innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size) = innodb_buffer_pool_size / innodb_buffer_pool_instances

innodb_buffer_pool_size is set to 8G, and innodb_buffer_pool_instances is set to 16.innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size is 128M, which is the default value.

8G is a valid innodb_buffer_pool_size value because 8G is a multiple of innodb_buffer_pool_instances=16 *innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M, which is 2G.

shell> mysqld --innodb-buffer-pool-size=8G --innodb-buffer-pool-instances=16
mysql> SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_size/1024/1024/1024;
+------------------------------------------+
| @@innodb_buffer_pool_size/1024/1024/1024 |
+------------------------------------------+
| 8.000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------+

innodb_buffer_pool_size is set to 9G, and innodb_buffer_pool_instances is set to 16.innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size is 128M, which is the default value. In this case, 9G is not a multiple ofinnodb_buffer_pool_instances=16 * innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M, so innodb_buffer_pool_size is adjusted to 10G, which is a multiple of innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size * innodb_buffer_pool_instances.

shell> mysqld --innodb-buffer-pool-size=9G --innodb-buffer-pool-instances=16
mysql> SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_size/1024/1024/1024;
+------------------------------------------+
| @@innodb_buffer_pool_size/1024/1024/1024 |
+------------------------------------------+
| 10.000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------+

综合以上三个参数：

buffer pool 估算公式：(N 为正整数; buffer pool 应为总内存的 3/4 至 4/5)

innodb_buffer_pool_size = N * (innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size * innodb_buffer_pool_instances)

当 N=1时, 使三个参数设置刚好满足以下公式：

innodb_buffer_pool_size = innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size * innodb_buffer_pool_instances

若此时再设置 innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size 少 1MB , 那么 buffer pool 大小几乎翻倍, 因为 chunk_size * instances < buffer_pool_size, 此时有 N=2, buffer_pool_size 为(chunk_size*instances) 的倍数大小

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2 * (innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size * innodb_buffer_pool_instances)

#所以较优设置：假设系统内存 = 128 GB, buffer pool 大小预计100GB(128GB*80%)

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 #默认值,或者逻辑CPU数量

innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size = 128MB #默认值

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100 GB # N*8*128MG = N GB ,N 刚好为正整数。设 N=100使得 buffer pool 为总内存的 3/4 至 4/5。

 

innodb_page_size

innodb_page_size 默认 16kb, 数据存储页, 应与操作系统块大小一致(同 innodb_log_write_ahead_size)。 对于 SSD 更小的页可能更好。innodb_page_size 为32k and 64k 时, 行长度最大为 16000 bytes, 且不支持 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED。

一个 innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size 中包含的页数量取决于 innodb_page_size。

默认地： chunk可存储的页数量= innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size / innodb_page_size = 128*1024/16 = 8192

查看：

mysql> SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_size;
mysql> SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_instances;
mysql> SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size;