观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。当这个主题对象再状态发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,使它们能够自动更新自己。
适用于当一个对象的改变需要同时改变其他对象时,而且不知道具体有多少对象有待改变时。
优点:目标者与观察者之间松耦合;支持广播通信
缺点:观察者错误更新会影响整个系统。
代码实现:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
class Subject;
//抽象观察者
class Observer
{
protected:
string name;
Subject* sub;
public:
Observer(string name,Subject* sub)
{
this->name = name;
this->sub = sub;
}
virtual void update() = 0;
};
//具体观察者
class StockObserver : public Observer
{
public:
StockObserver(string name,Subject* sub) : Observer(name,sub)
{
}
void update();
};
class NBAObserver : public Observer
{
public:
NBAObserver(string name,Subject* sub) : Observer(name,sub)
{
}
void update();
};
//抽象通知者
class Subject
{
protected:
list<Observer*> observers;
public:
string action;
virtual void attach(Observer*) = 0;
virtual void detach(Observer*) = 0;
virtual void notify() = 0;
};
//具体通知者
class Secretary : public Subject
{
public:
void attach(Observer* observer)
{
observers.push_back(observer);
}
void detach(Observer* observer)
{
list<Observer*>::iterator iter = observers.begin();
while(iter != observers.end())
{
if((*iter) == observer)
observers.erase(iter);
++iter;
}
}
void notify()
{
list<Observer*>::iterator iter = observers.begin();
while(iter != observers.end())
{
(*iter)->update();
++iter;
}
}
};
void StockObserver::update()
{
cout << name << "收到消息:" << sub->action << endl;
if(sub->action == "梁所长来了!")
{
cout << "我马上关闭股票,装作很认真工作的样子" << endl;
}
}
void NBAObserver::update()
{
cout << name << "收到消息:" << sub->action << endl;
if(sub->action == "梁所长来了!")
{
cout << "我马上关闭NBA,装作很认真工作的样子" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
Subject* dwq = new Secretary();
Observer* xs = new NBAObserver("xiaoshuai",dwq);
Observer* zy = new NBAObserver("zouyue",dwq);
Observer* lm = new StockObserver("limin",dwq);
dwq->attach(xs);
dwq->attach(zy);
dwq->attach(lm);
dwq->action = "去吃饭了";
dwq->notify();
cout << endl;
dwq->action = "梁所长来了";
dwq->notify();
return 0;
}