Python time/datetime 模块小结

time

time 模块解决了时间的获取和表示

timestamp（epoch到现在的秒数，用浮点数表示)

time.time() # UTC 表示的时间

返回时间元组（tupletime/struct_time）

time.gmtime(t) # UTC 表示时间

time.localtime(t) # 所在时区转换后的时间

时间元组转换成 timestamp

calendar.timegm(tupletime) # gmtime(t) 返回的对象

time.mktime(tupletime) # time.localtime(t) 返回的对象

时间和字符串的转换

time.strftime(fmt[,tupletime]) # 即 string format time，用来将时间格式化成字符串

time.strptime(str,fmt=’format’) # 即 string parse time，用来将字符串解析成时间（tupletime）

time.asctime([tupletime]) # 将一个tupletime对象转为标准24字符的字符串： Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993

time.ctime([secs]) # 作用相当于asctime(localtime(secs))

datetime

datetime 模块则解决了快速获取并操作年月日时分秒

内部包含五个类：date、time、datetime，timedelta、tzinfo

datetime.datetime

datetime.datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])

MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
1 <= month <= 12
1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year
0 <= hour < 24
0 <= minute < 60
0 <= second < 60
0 <= microsecond < 1000000

类属性： min，max，resolution # min即为MINYEAR，max即为MAXYEAR

类方法：

• today()
• now([tz])
• utcnow()
• fromtimestamp(timestamp[,tz])
• utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
• trptime(date_string, format)

实例属性（只读）：year，month，day，hour，minute，second，microsecond，tzinfo

实例方法：

• date()
• time() # 返回datetime.time对象，tzinfo=None
• timetz() # 返回完整datetime.time对象
• replace(year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]]) # 时间替换
• astimezone(tz) # 时区转换
• utcoffset()
• timetuple() # 返回 time.localtime() 类型对象
• utctimetuple()
• strftime(format) # 格式化时间

对象运算操作：
datetime2 = datetime1 + timedelta
datetime2 = datetime1 - timedelta
timedelta = datetime1 - datetime2
datetime1 < datetime2

datetime.date

datetime.date(year, month, day)

MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
1 <= month <= 12
1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year

类方法：

• today() # return local date, 相当于
• date.fromtimestamp(time.time())
• fromtimestarmp(timestamp)
• fromordinal(ordinal)
  类属性： min，max，resolution

实例方法：

• replace(year, month, day)
• timetuple()
• toordinal()
• weekday()
• isoweekday()
• isocalendar()
• isoformat()
• ctime()
• strftime()

实例属性：year, month, day

运算方法：
date2 = date1 + timedelta
date2 = date1 - timedelta
timedelta = date1 - date2
date1 < date2

datetime.time

datetime.time([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])

0 <= hour < 24
0 <= minute < 60
0 <= second < 60
0 <= microsecond < 1000000.

类属性： min，max，resolution

实例属性（只读）：hour，minute，second，microsecond，tzinfo

实例方法：

• replace([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])
• isoformat()
• strftime(format)
• utcoffset()
• dst()
• tzname()

datetime.timedelta

datetime.timedelta([days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]])

0 <= microseconds < 1000000
0 <= seconds < 3600*24 (the number of seconds in one day)
-999999999 <= days <= 999999999

运算规则：
t1 = t2 + t3
t1 = t2 - t3 
t1 = t2 * i or t1 = i * t2
t1 = t2 // i
+t1
-t1 
abs(t) 
str(t)
repr(t)