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Definition
Specify the kind of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects by copying this prototype.
Participants
The classes and/or objects participating in this pattern are:
- Prototype (ColorPrototype)
- Declares an interface for cloning itself
- ConcretePrototype (Color)
- Implements an operation for cloning itself
- Client (ColorManager)
- Creates a new object by asking a prototype to clone itself
Sample Code in C#
This structural code demonstrates the Prototype pattern in which new objects are created by copying pre-existing objects (prototypes) of the same class.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// <copyright company="Chimomo's Company" file="Program.cs">// Respect the work.// </copyright>// <summary>// Structural Prototype Design Pattern.// </summary>// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------namespace CSharpLearning{ using System; /// <summary> /// Startup class for Structural Prototype Design Pattern. /// </summary> internal static class Program { #region Methods /// <summary> /// Entry point into console application. /// </summary> private static void Main() { // Create two instances and clone each var p1 = new ConcretePrototype1("I"); var c1 = (ConcretePrototype1)p1.Clone(); Console.WriteLine("Cloned: {0}", c1.Id); var p2 = new ConcretePrototype2("II"); var c2 = (ConcretePrototype2)p2.Clone(); Console.WriteLine("Cloned: {0}", c2.Id); } #endregion } /// <summary> /// The 'Prototype' abstract class /// </summary> internal abstract class Prototype { // Constructor #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Prototype"/> class. /// </summary> /// <param name="id"> /// The id. /// </param> protected Prototype(string id) { this.Id = id; } #endregion // Gets id #region Public Properties /// <summary> /// Gets the id. /// </summary> public string Id { get; private set; } #endregion #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// The clone. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="Prototype"/>. /// </returns> public abstract Prototype Clone(); #endregion } /// <summary> /// A 'ConcretePrototype' class /// </summary> internal class ConcretePrototype1 : Prototype { // Constructor #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ConcretePrototype1"/> class. /// </summary> /// <param name="id"> /// The id. /// </param> public ConcretePrototype1(string id) : base(id) { } #endregion // Returns a shallow copy #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// The clone. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="Prototype"/>. /// </returns> public override Prototype Clone() { return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone(); } #endregion } /// <summary> /// A 'ConcretePrototype' class /// </summary> internal class ConcretePrototype2 : Prototype { // Constructor #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ConcretePrototype2"/> class. /// </summary> /// <param name="id"> /// The id. /// </param> public ConcretePrototype2(string id) : base(id) { } #endregion // Returns a shallow copy #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// The clone. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="Prototype"/>. /// </returns> public override Prototype Clone() { return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone(); } #endregion }}// Output:/*Cloned: ICloned: II*/
This real-world code demonstrates the Prototype pattern in which new Color objects are created by copying pre-existing, user-defined Colors of the same type.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// <copyright company="Chimomo's Company" file="Program.cs">// Respect the work.// </copyright>// <summary>// Real-World Prototype Design Pattern.// </summary>// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------namespace CSharpLearning{ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; /// <summary> /// Startup class for Real-World Prototype Design Pattern. /// </summary> internal static class Program { #region Methods /// <summary> /// Entry point into console application. /// </summary> private static void Main() { var colormanager = new ColorManager(); // Initialize with standard colors colormanager["red"] = new Color(255, 0, 0); colormanager["green"] = new Color(0, 255, 0); colormanager["blue"] = new Color(0, 0, 255); // User adds personalized colors colormanager["angry"] = new Color(255, 54, 0); colormanager["peace"] = new Color(128, 211, 128); colormanager["flame"] = new Color(211, 34, 20); // User clones selected colors var color1 = colormanager["red"].Clone() as Color; var color2 = colormanager["peace"].Clone() as Color; var color3 = colormanager["flame"].Clone() as Color; } #endregion } /// <summary> /// The 'Prototype' abstract class /// </summary> internal abstract class ColorPrototype { #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// The clone. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="ColorPrototype"/>. /// </returns> public abstract ColorPrototype Clone(); #endregion } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcretePrototype' class /// </summary> internal class Color : ColorPrototype { #region Fields /// <summary> /// The blue. /// </summary> private int blue; /// <summary> /// The green. /// </summary> private int green; /// <summary> /// The red. /// </summary> private int red; #endregion // Constructor #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Color"/> class. /// </summary> /// <param name="red"> /// The red. /// </param> /// <param name="green"> /// The green. /// </param> /// <param name="blue"> /// The blue. /// </param> public Color(int red, int green, int blue) { this.red = red; this.green = green; this.blue = blue; } #endregion // Create a shallow copy #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// The clone. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="ColorPrototype"/>. /// </returns> public override ColorPrototype Clone() { Console.WriteLine("Cloning color RGB: {0,3},{1,3},{2,3}", this.red, this.green, this.blue); return this.MemberwiseClone() as ColorPrototype; } #endregion } /// <summary> /// Prototype manager /// </summary> internal class ColorManager { #region Fields /// <summary> /// The colors. /// </summary> private Dictionary<string, ColorPrototype> colors = new Dictionary<string, ColorPrototype>(); #endregion // Indexer #region Public Indexers /// <summary> /// The this. /// </summary> /// <param name="key"> /// The key. /// </param> /// <returns> /// The <see cref="ColorPrototype"/>. /// </returns> public ColorPrototype this[string key] { get { return this.colors[key]; } set { this.colors.Add(key, value); } } #endregion }}// Output:/*Cloning color RGB: 255, 0, 0Cloning color RGB: 128,211,128Cloning color RGB: 211, 34, 20*/
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