Linux C编程--string h函数解析

               

函数名: stpcpy

功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个

用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

   char string[10];

   char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

   stpcpy(string, str1);

   printf("%s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

函数名: strcat

功 能: 字符串拼接函数

用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char destination[25];

   char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";

   strcpy(destination, Borland);

   strcat(destination, blank);

   strcat(destination, c);

   printf("%s\n", destination);

   return 0;

}

函数名: strchr

功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\

用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

    char string[15];

    char *ptr, c = 'r';

    strcpy(string, "This is a string");

    ptr = strchr(string, c);

    if (ptr)

       printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);

    else

       printf("The character was not found\n");

    return 0;

}

函数名: strcmp

功 能: 串比较

用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

看Asic码，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；两串相等，返回0

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

    char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";

    int ptr;

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);

    if (ptr > 0)

       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

    else

       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);

    if (ptr > 0)

       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");

    else

       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");

    return 0;

}

函数名: strncmpi

功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

   int ptr;

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr < 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr == 0)

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

   return 0;

}

函数名: strcpy

功 能: 串拷贝

用 法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

    char string[10];

    char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

    strcpy(string, str1);

    printf("%s\n", string);

    return 0;

}

函数名: strcspn

功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段

用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)

{

    char *string1 = "1234567890";

    char *string2 = "747DC8";

    int length;

    length = strcspn(string1, string2);

    printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);

    return 0;

}

函数名: strdup

功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处

用 法: char *strdup(char *str);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)

{

    char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";

    dup_str = strdup(string);

    printf("%s\n", dup_str);

    free(dup_str);

    return 0;

}

函数名: stricmp

功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串

用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

   int ptr;

   ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr < 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr == 0)

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

   return 0;

}

函数名: strerror

功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针

用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <errno.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buffer;

   buffer = strerror(errno);

   printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);

   return 0;

}

函数名: strcmpi

功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

   int ptr;

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr < 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr == 0)

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

   return 0;

}

函数名: strncmp

功 能: 串比较

用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";

   int ptr;

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   else

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");

   else

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");

   return(0);

}

函数名: strncmpi

功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";

   int ptr;

   ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr < 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr == 0)

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

   return 0;

}

函数名: strncpy

功 能: 串拷贝

用 法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

   char string[10];

   char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

   strncpy(string, str1, 3);

   string[3] = '\0';

   printf("%s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

函数名: strnicmp

功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串

用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";

   int ptr;

   ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

   if (ptr > 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr < 0)

      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   if (ptr == 0)

      printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

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