补课啦:关于python第三方模块的安装问题

# 今天在一个脚本里想调用第三方模块requests时,出现了不少问题,成功解决后想到肯定也有不少朋友碰到类似的问题, 在这记录下来供朋友们参考:
过程是这样的:
我先是安装requests第三方模块:
    在CMD里运行下边命令:
    C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install requests

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# 但是我运行了之后却调用不了requests? CMD窗口返回如下:
    Collecting requests
      Downloading requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
         ---------------------------------------- 62.8/62.8 KB 478.2 kB/s eta 0:00:00
    Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
      Downloading idna-3.4-py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
         ---------------------------------------- 61.5/61.5 KB 1.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
    Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
      Downloading certifi-2022.9.24-py3-none-any.whl (161 kB)
         ---------------------------------------- 161.1/161.1 KB 1.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
    Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
      Downloading urllib3-1.26.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (140 kB)
         ---------------------------------------- 140.4/140.4 KB 1.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
    Collecting charset-normalizer<3,>=2
      Downloading charset_normalizer-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)
    Installing collected packages: urllib3, idna, charset-normalizer, certifi, requests
    Successfully installed certifi-2022.9.24 charset-normalizer-2.1.1 idna-3.4 requests-2.28.1 urllib3-1.26.12
    WARNING: You are using pip version 22.0.4; however, version 22.3 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

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# 翻译一下上边的WARNING信息,无非是提示pip版较低,因为我原来的pip版本为 version 22.0.4,需要升级version 22.3版本,按上边的提示,在CMD窗口运行:
    C:\Users\Administrator>python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
    
    这个命令反馈信息如下:
    Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (22.0.4)
    Collecting pip
      Downloading pip-22.3-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
         ---------------------------------------- 2.1/2.1 MB 221.0 kB/s eta 0:00:00
    Installing collected packages: pip
      Attempting uninstall: pip
        Found existing installation: pip 22.0.4
        Uninstalling pip-22.0.4:
          Successfully uninstalled pip-22.0.4
     Successfully installed pip-22.3
    这表示成功安装的pip - 22.3版本了.

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# 然后就重新安装requests第三方模块,在CMD窗口运行:
    C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install requests
  命令窗口返回信息如下:
    Requirement already satisfied: requests in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (2.28.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3,>=2 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2.1.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests) (3.4)
    Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests) (1.26.12)
    Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2022.9.24)
    总算,提示requests模块安装成功了!

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但是...但是的是我再去调用requests模块时,还是调用不成功!!什么鬼???
    只得找出以前的笔记,重新温习"模块调用"相关的知识.查到"模块调用时的搜索路径",忽然开窍!用下边代码确认了一下,确定问题就出在requests模块所在路径不在PATH搜索路径中!
        import sys
        print(list(sys.path))
        import requests
        print(sys.modules)
原来该模块不是安装在c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib目录下,而是装到了它的子目录site-packages下了,
    于是加上代码:
sys.path.append(r"C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Lib\site-packages")
    成功解决reruests调用的问题!

 但这个是暂时加入PATH搜索路径中, 若想永远保存到PATH搜索路径, 需要到操作系统环境变量中          设置添加这个path目录.