【转载翻译】2024软件开发趋势Top15

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原文链接： https://medium.com/@serokell/top-15-software-development-trends-in-2024-5a4526653004

当我们步入2024年，软件开发领域在技术创新和市场需求变化的推动下继续以指数级的速度发展。对于企业和开发者来说，了解这些趋势不仅有益，而且对于保持竞争力和成功至关重要。在本文中，我们将探讨预计在2024年对软件开发产生重大影响的关键趋势。

As we step into 2024, the landscape of software development continues to evolve exponentially, driven by technological innovations and changing market needs. For businesses and developers alike, staying abreast of these trends is not just beneficial-it’s essential for remaining competitive and successful. In this article, we explore the key software development trends expected to make a significant impact in 2024.

General principles of software engineering in 2024

预计在2024年，将通过进一步整合人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）技术、利用区块链和多运行时微服务来定义IT行业的通用软件开发方法。扩展应用增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）也将继续塑造该行业。此外，程序员将更加注重网络安全和可持续软件开发。

The general software development approaches set to define the IT industry in 2024 encompass further integration of AI and ML technologies, utilization of blockchain, and multi-runtime microservices. Expanded application of AR and VR will also continue to shape the industry. Additionally, programmers will put a greater emphasis on cybersecurity and sustainable software development.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning integration

人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）不再只是流行词，它们已经成为现代软件开发的必不可少的组成部分，为功能和性能设定了新的标准。从预测算法到自动化代码审查，AI/ML技术在各个行业中提高了效率和能力。

AI and machine learning are not buzzwords anymore; they’re integral components of modern software development, setting new standards for functionality and performance. From predictive algorithms to automated code reviews, AI/ML technologies are enhancing efficiency and capabilities across various industries.

在2023年最显著的突破之一是引入了先进的ChatGPT功能，其中包括代码和文本生成的能力，以及基于文本提示的AI驱动图像创作的重大发展。

Among the most remarkable breakthroughs of 2023 was the introduction of the advanced ChatGPT features, which included capabilities for code and text generation, as well as significant development of AI-driven image creation based on text prompts.

开发者越来越多地使用AI驱动的编码工具。这不仅加快了编码过程，还帮助减少人为错误。例如，GitHub的Copilot使用AI实时向开发者提供代码片段和整个函数的建议。同样，像Tableau这样的AI驱动的分析工具使企业能够比以往更高效地从数据中获取洞察力。 毫无疑问，2024年将是这些技术进一步发展和整合的一年，特别是在自动化文本、编码和可视化任务方面。

Developers are using AI-powered coding tools more and more. This not only speeds up the coding process but also helps reduce human errors. For instance, GitHub’s Copilot uses AI to suggest code snippets and entire functions to developers in real-time. Similarly, AI-driven analytics tools like Tableau: Business Intelligence and Analytics Software are enabling businesses to gain insights from their data more efficiently than ever.Undoubtedly, 2024 will be a year of further development and integration of these technologies, particularly in automating text, coding, and visualization tasks.

Blockchain beyond cryptocurrencies（加密货币）

区块链正逐渐超越加密货币而发展。移动应用程序对提高安全性和提供优质体验的需求激增，导致基于区块链的应用程序采用增加。

Blockchain is finding its footing beyond cryptocurrencies. The surge in mobile applications prioritizing enhanced security and superior quality has led to an increased adoption of blockchain-based apps.

面向区块链的软件(BOS)系统的基本特征包括:

1. Data replication（数据复制）: Data is duplicated and stored across thousands of systems, significantly bolstering data security.（数据被复制并存储在数千个系统中，极大地增强了数据安全性。）
2. Requirement verification（: Before proceeding with any transaction, BOS systems check the transaction requirements to ensure they meet the criteria for successful validation.（在进行任何交易之前，BOS系统会检查交易要求，以确保它们符合成功验证的标准。）
3. Sequential transaction logging: BOS records transactions in a chronologically arranged log consisting of interconnected blocks set up through a consensus algorithm.（顺序交易日志记录：BOS系统通过共识算法建立的相互连接的区块，按照时间顺序记录交易的日志。）
4. Public-key cryptography(公钥密码学）: The transaction process in BOS is based on public-key cryptography, ensuring secure and verifiable transactions（确保安全且可验证的交易）.

区块链也有其局限性：可扩展性和能源消耗仍然是其广泛采用的障碍。

However, blockchain has its limitations as well: scalability and energy consumption remain hurdles to its broader adoption.

Multi-runtime microservices

微服务架构是一种开发软件应用程序的方法，将应用作为一套小型、独立可部署和模块化的服务来开发，每个服务在自己的进程中运行，并通过轻量级机制进行通信，常用的是基于HTTP的API。

Microservices architecture is a method of developing software applications as a suite of small, independently deployable, and modular services, each running in its own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms, often an HTTP-based API

预计在2024年，微服务架构将继续增长，逐渐发展为多运行时微服务。这也被称为MACH架构，这个术语由Microservices-based、API-first、Cloud-native和Headless的首字母组成。MACH架构允许不同的服务使用不同的编程语言编写，使用不同的数据存储技术，并部署在不同的运行时环境中。这种运行时的多样性符合每个服务的特定需求和特点，为应用程序的每个组件提供了更加个性化和优化的方法

In 2024, microservices architecture is expected to continue its growth, gradually evolving into multi-runtime microservices. This is also known as MACH architecture, a term created from the first letters of Microservices-based, API-first, Cloud-native, and Headless. MACH architecture allows different services to be written in various programming languages, to use different data storage technologies, and to be deployed on different runtime environments. This diversity in runtimes caters to the specific needs and characteristics of each service, enabling a more tailored and optimized approach for each component of the application.

多运行时微服务架构的主要优势在于能够充分利用各种技术和平台的优势。例如，需要高计算能力的服务可以部署在专门为此类任务设计的运行时环境中，而处理实时数据处理的另一个服务可以利用经过优化以提高速度和低延迟的不同环境。这种方法不仅确保每个服务在其理想的环境中运行，而且还便于更新和维护，因为对一个服务的更改不一定会影响其他服务。

The primary advantage of a multi-runtime microservices architecture is its ability to leverage the strengths of various technologies and platforms. For instance, a service that requires high computational power can be deployed on a runtime environment specifically designed for such tasks, while another service that deals with real-time data processing can utilize a different environment optimized for speed and low latency. This approach not only ensures that each service operates in its ideal environment but also facilitates easier updates and maintenance, as changes to one service do not necessarily impact others.

此外，多运行时微服务支持更加敏捷的开发过程，允许团队同时处理不同的服务而无需依赖。

Additionally, multi-runtime microservices support a more agile development process, allowing teams to work on different services simultaneously without dependencies.

Cybersecurity（网络安全） at the forefront of 2024

不断增加的网络威胁的复杂性使得安全成为2024年软件开发的关键方面。整合先进的安全协议和利用人工智能进行威胁检测正成为标准实践。

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats has made security a critical aspect of software development for 2024. Integrating advanced security protocols and utilizing AI for threat detection are becoming standard practices.

关注点正在从被动防御转向主动防御的安全措施：

• Emphasis on DevSecOps: Companies are integrating security into their DevOps processes, creating a culture where security is a shared responsibility among all stakeholders. This approach ensures that security considerations are an integral part of the entire software development lifecycle.（一些公司正在将安全性融入其DevOps流程中，在这种公司文化中，安全性是所有利益相关者共同承担的责任。通过这种方法确保安全性考虑成为整个软件开发生命周期的一部分。）
• Zero Trust architecture: The traditional perimeter-based security model is being replaced by the Zero Trust framework, which operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” This means verifying every user and device, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the organization’s network.（传统的基于边界的安全模型正在被“零信任”框架所取代，该框架的运作原则是“永不信任，始终验证”。这意味着无论用户和设备是在组织的网络内部还是外部，都需要进行验证。）
• Increased use of encryption: With data breaches on the rise, there is a growing trend towards the use of robust encryption methods to protect data both in transit and at rest. Advanced cryptographic techniques, like homomorphic encryption, are gaining traction, allowing data to be processed while still encrypted（随着数据泄露事件的增加，对于使用强大的加密方法来保护数据在传输和静态存储过程中的需求也在增长。先进的加密技术，如同态加密，正在受到关注，使得数据可以在加密的同时进行处理。）同态加密：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/同态加密
• Focus on secure code practices: There’s an increasing emphasis on training developers in secure coding practices. This includes regular code reviews, vulnerability testing, and using static and dynamic analysis tools to identify and mitigate security flaws during the development phase.（越来越重视培训开发人员掌握安全编码实践。这包括定期的代码审查、漏洞测试以及使用静态和动态分析工具来在开发阶段识别和减轻安全漏洞。）
• Rise of cybersecurity mesh（网络安全网格）: This concept refers to a flexible, modular approach to security, where each device gets its own security, like firewalls and network safeguards. It helps in creating a more responsive and adaptable security infrastructure, capable of handling the dynamic nature of modern cyber threats, making the whole network safer.（网络安全网格是一种灵活、模块化的安全方法，其中每个设备都拥有自己的安全功能，如防火墙和网络保护措施。它有助于创建更具响应性和适应性的安全基础设施，能够处理现代网络威胁的动态性，从而使整个网络更安全。）

Further adoption of AR and VR

随着增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）技术变得更加可接触，对这类应用的需求在多个行业中迅速增长。

• Education: VR transforms education, enabling interactive history, geography, and science lessons, and offering risk-free medical training through virtual surgery simulations. For example, through Google Expeditions and other educational AR apps, students can explore historical sites, dissect virtual animals, or examine 3D models of complex subjects.（虚拟现实（VR）正在改变教育，使得历史、地理和科学课程变得互动化，并通过虚拟手术模拟提供了无风险的医学培训。例如，通过Google和其他教育AR应用程序，学生可以探索历史遗址，解剖虚拟动物，或者检查复杂主题的3D模型。）
• Healthcare: For example AccuVein, an AR app, helps locate veins for easier needle insertion, and surgical planning tools that overlay 3D models onto a patient’s anatomy for precise surgical guidance.（例如，AR应用程序AccuVein帮助定位静脉，使针头插入更容易，并且手术规划工具将3D模型叠加到患者的解剖结构上，提供精确的手术指导)
• Business: VR is increasingly used in business for prototyping, staff training, and customer service. In the real estate industry, companies utilize VR/AR to provide virtual property tours and AR apps to visualize how furniture or renovations might look in a space before making a purchase.(虚拟现实（VR）在企业中越来越多地被用于原型制作、员工培训和客户服务。在房地产行业，公司利用VR/AR提供虚拟房产游览和AR应用程序，以可视化家具或装修在空间中的效果，帮助购房者在购买之前做出决策。)

2024年的令人兴奋的发展中，包括但不限于

• Hyper-realistic virtual reality(超逼真的虚拟现实技术): VR can now simulate real-world sensations, like the feel of rain or the smell of a summer meadow, blurring the line between virtual and reality. And this trend is set to grow.（现在，虚拟现实技术可以模拟真实世界的感觉，比如雨水的触感或夏日草地的气味，使虚拟与现实之间的界限变得模糊。而且这种趋势预计会继续增长。）
• Expansion of social VR platforms: Social VR platforms allow for real-time interactions, hosting virtual parties, attending concerts, and engaging in multiplayer games.(社交虚拟现实平台允许实时互动、举办虚拟派对、参加音乐会和参与多人游戏)
• Integration of AI in VR: AI personalizes experiences by adapting to user behavior, creating dynamic environments that respond to individual preferences and actions.(AI通过适应用户行为提供个性化体验，创建能够根据个人偏好和行动作出动态响应的环境。）

Sustainable software development

.随着环境问题的日益关注，绿色计算和可持续软件实践也引起了人们的关注。开发人员越来越注重环保解决方案，支持类似绿色软件基金会和可持续网络宣言等倡议，推广节能的编码实践。这包括开发减少服务器处理、加载时间和数据请求的代码

Green computing and sustainable software practices are gaining attention as environmental concerns grow. Developers are increasingly focusing on eco-friendly solutions, supporting initiatives like Green Software Foundation and Sustainable Web Manifesto which promote energy-efficient coding practices. This entails developing code that reduces server processing, loading times, and data requests

软件可持续核心包括以下方面:

• Software optimization: Streamlining code to reduce energy use and improve performance.（简化代码以减少能源消耗并提高性能）
• Deployment: Using resources only as needed, like lazy functions and cloud-based applications, to minimize energy waste.（按需使用资源，可利用延迟函数或者基于云的应用降低资源消耗）
• Integrations: Reducing data processing between systems to avoid unnecessary data usage.（减少系统之间的数据处理，以避免不必要的数据使用）
• Stored data: Restricting the quantity of data stored and the length of time it is kept in the system. （严格控制数据存储的数量和存储时间）
• Data size: Using smaller-sized media where possible to reduce storage and processing needs.（使用小的存储介质，降低存储和处理需要）
• Refactoring: Regularly updating software to remove outdated or unused features.（定期更新过期或者未使用的软件特性）
• Avoiding third-party components: Reducing reliance on large external components that consume more resources.（减少对消耗更多资源的大型外部组件的依赖）
• Software architecture: Using architectures that enhance efficiency and lower energy use.（使用能够提高效率和降低能源消耗的架构）
• Data center choices: Selecting hosting services that are committed to green practices.（选择致力于绿色实践的托管服务提供商）

Computing

在未来一年，我们预计在关键计算领域会有一些进展：功能即服务（Function-as-a-Service）、云计算和边缘计算，尤其是量子计算。

Serverless computing (FaaS)

无服务器计算，或称为函数即服务（Function as a Service，FaaS），正在兴起，其中AWS Lambda、Azure Functions和Google Cloud Functions处于领先地位。FaaS允许开发人员构建和运行应用程序和服务，而无需管理基础架构，从而实现更高效和经济高效的开发过程。

Serverless computing, or Function as a Service (FaaS), is on the rise, with AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions leading the field. FaaS allows developers to build and run applications and services without managing infrastructure, leading to more efficient and cost-effective development processes.

以下为一些Faas案例

• One notable example is Netflix utilizing AWS Lambda for various purposes within its streaming platform. Netflix leverages Lambda for tasks like encoding videos, handling user authentication, and managing backend processes. When a user uploads a video, Lambda functions are triggered to encode and process the content into various formats suitable for streaming across different devices. This allows Netflix to dynamically scale resources based on demand without provisioning or managing servers, ensuring seamless streaming experiences for users while optimizing costs.（Netflix的案例）

• Spotify utilizes Google Cloud Functions to handle various backend tasks within its music streaming platform. Functions are triggered to manage user authentication, process user-generated content, and perform backend tasks for their music recommendation algorithms, ensuring a seamless and personalized experience for users.(Spotify案例）

• IBM’s subsidiary, The Weather Company, uses IBM Cloud Functions to process and analyze large volumes of weather data. Serverless functions enabled them to perform real-time data processing, generate forecasts, and deliver personalized weather alerts to users based on their locations without the need to manage underlying infrastructure.（IBM子公司案例）

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这些函数即服务（FaaS）解决方案以事件驱动架构为特点，可以自动触发执行以响应请求，并根据需要调整资源使用。其可扩展性和响应性简化了开发过程，特别适用于高流量应用程序。无服务器计算越来越多地与物联网（IoT）、聊天机器人和虚拟助手集成在一起。

These FaaS solutions, characterized by event-driven architecture, automatically trigger execution in response to requests and adjusts resource use as needed. Its scalability and responsiveness simplify the development process, particularly suited for high-traffic applications. Serverless computing is increasingly integrated with IoT, chatbots, and virtual assistants.

Expansion of cloud computing(云计算）

预计到2024年，云原生技术将经历实质性的发展。它们预计会变得更加用户友好，提供更高的性能、节约成本和更大的灵活性。亚马逊云服务（AWS）、微软Azure和谷歌云平台将扩展他们的服务，提供更先进的分析、机器学习能力和更好的安全功能。这促使公司迁移到云上，以实现更好的数据管理、增强的协作和改进的安全性

In 2024, cloud-native technologies are set to undergo substantial evolution. They are anticipated to become more user-friendly, offering enhanced performance, cost savings, and greater flexibility in their IT objectives. Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform expand their services, providing more advanced analytics, machine learning capabilities, and better security features.
This motivates companies to migrate to the cloud for better data management, enhanced collaboration, and improved security.

Surge of edge computing（边缘计算）

边缘计算是一种IT架构，它在网络的边缘（尽可能靠近数据源）处理客户端数据。通过将计算靠近数据源，边缘计算可以减少延迟，并增强实时数据处理能力。

Edge computing is an IT architecture that processes client data at the network’s edge, as close to the source of the data as possible. By bringing computation closer to data sources, edge computing reduces latency and enhances real-time data processing capabilities.

这一趋势对于需要即时数据分析的应用非常关键，例如自动驾驶汽车（例如特斯拉的自动驾驶汽车）和智能城市技术都依赖于边缘计算。在医疗保健领域，边缘计算确保数据隐私，并实现基于人工智能的患者状况实时监测和分析。该技术还可以通过优化公交车班次、管理交通车道并潜在地指导自动驾驶车辆流动来改变城市交通管理，展示了其在不同领域的多功能性和影响力。边缘计算对于智能电网的采用至关重要，有助于企业有效管理能源消耗。

This trend is key to applications requiring immediate data analysis, such as autonomous vehicles (Tesla’s self-driving cars, for example, rely on edge computing) and smart city technologies. In healthcare, edge computing ensures data privacy and enables AI-based real-time monitoring and analysis of the patient’s condition. This technology can also transform city traffic management by optimizing bus schedules, regulating traffic lanes, and potentially guiding autonomous vehicle flows, demonstrating its versatility and impact across diverse domains. Edge computing is crucial for the adoption of smart grids, helping enterprises manage energy consumption efficiently.

Quantum computing（量子计算）: a new frontier

量子计算是一种先进的计算形式，它使用量子位（qubits）而不是经典位（bits）。利用量子力学的原理，如叠加和纠缠，它可以以传统计算机无法达到的速度处理数据。这项技术特别适用于复杂任务，如密码学、优化和分子模拟，提供指数级更快的解决方案。

Quantum computing is an advanced form of computing that uses quantum bits, or qubits, instead of classical bits. Leveraging quantum mechanics principles such as superposition and entanglement, it allows for processing data at speeds unattainable by traditional computers. This technology is particularly effective for complex tasks like cryptography, optimization, and molecular simulation, providing exponentially faster solutions.

虽然广泛采用量子计算还有一段时日，但对软件开发的影响已经开始显现。在这方面的领导者包括IBM、微软、谷歌、D-Wave和亚马逊等巨头。IBM是领先者，其Quantum System One和Two拥有高达127个量子位的强大处理器。微软专注于拓扑量子位，并将其整合到Azure云平台中，以实现更广泛的访问。谷歌的量子人工智能实验室旨在开发实用的通用量子计算机，而D-Wave专注于量子退火，解决复杂的优化挑战。亚马逊通过其AWS量子网络中心和Amazon Braket正在创建量子计算的广泛基础设施。

While the widespread adoption of quantum computing is still a way off, the ripple effects on software development are beginning to show. Among the leaders are such heavyweights as IBM, Microsoft, Google, D-Wave, and Amazon. IBM is a frontrunner with its Quantum System One and Two, featuring powerful processors of up to 127 qubits. Microsoft focuses on topological qubits, integrating them into its Azure cloud platform for wider accessibility. Google’s Quantum AI lab aims to develop a practical, universal quantum computer, while D-Wave specializes in quantum annealing, addressing complex optimization challenges. Amazon, through its AWS Centre for Quantum Networking and Amazon Braket, is creating an extensive infrastructure for quantum computing.

Programming languages

到2024年，Python仍然将主导编程领域，而Rust的采用率将显著增加。

Python dominance

Python是一种主导的编程语言，因其简洁性、多功能性和强大的库支持而备受青睐。它在Web开发、数据分析、人工智能和科学计算等领域被广泛使用。

Python remains a dominant programming language, favored for its simplicity, versatility, and robust library support. It’s widely used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.

Python确实在PYPL指数中被评为最受欢迎的编程语言，并且增长率最高（19%）

Python ranks as the most popular programming language with the highest growth rate (19%) according to the PYPL index, which measures how frequently language tutorials are searched on Google.

根据2023年Stack Overflow的调查，Python被认为是开发者最希望学习的编程语言。自2012年以来首次超过Java，Python不再仅仅是两种最受欢迎的Web应用开发语言之一。在过去的五年中，Python三次获得了TIOBE年度编程语言称号，该奖项授予年度评分增幅最大的编程语言。Python广泛的库范围可以轻松地集成到代码中，并可扩展到更大的应用程序，为Web和桌面应用程序开发以及系统运营提供了广泛的可能性。

The 2023 Stack Overflow survey identifies Python as the most desired language for developers to learn. Surpassing Java for the first time since 2012, Python is no longer just among the top two web app development languages. It has also been awarded the TIOBE Programming Language of the Year three times in five years, a recognition given to the language with the largest annual increase in ratings. Python’s extensive library range, which can easily integrate into code and scale to larger applications, offers vast possibilities for both web and desktop app development, including system operations.

Growth in Rust adoption

Rust编程语言的采用率正在上升，尤其是在性能和安全是关键优先事项的领域。其独特的特性使其非常适合系统级编程。值得注意的是，Rust在嵌入式系统中的使用越来越多，其能够防止内存错误和确保线程安全性的能力至关重要。此外，它在云基础设施中的部署凸显了它在处理高性能计算任务方面的可靠性和效率。

The adoption of the Rust programming language is on the rise, especially in fields where performance and safety are key priorities. Its unique features make it ideal for system-level programming. Notably, Rust is increasingly used in embedded systems, where its ability to prevent memory errors and ensure thread safety is crucial. Additionally, its deployment in cloud infrastructure highlights its reliability and efficiency in handling high-performance computing tasks.

Application development

在应用程序领域，一些重要的趋势包括更广泛地采用低代码和无代码平台、跨平台开发的进步以及渐进式Web应用程序的增加使用。

Rise of of low-code and no-code platforms

低代码和无代码平台的兴起推动了软件开发的民主化。这些工具赋予了对编码知识要求较低的个人能力，使其能够构建和部署应用程序，大大缩短了开发时间。

The democratization of software development is being propelled by the rise of low-code and no-code platforms. These tools empower individuals with minimal coding knowledge to build and deploy applications, significantly reducing development time.

像Microsoft Power Apps和Bubble这样的平台使非技术用户能够在不编写代码的情况下构建应用程序。这些工具特别适用于开发商业应用程序，使公司能够快速原型设计和部署解决方案，而无需庞大的开发团队。然而，这些平台无法解决复杂的定制开发任务。

Platforms like Microsoft Power Apps and Bubble are enabling non-technical users to build applications without writing code. These tools are especially popular for developing business apps, allowing companies to rapidly prototype and deploy solutions without a large development team. However, such platforms are not able to solve complex custom development tasks.

Increase in progressive web applications (PWAs)

渐进式Web应用程序（Progressive Web Apps，PWA）比原生应用程序下载速度更快，资源消耗较少。它们可以在离线状态下工作，并在每次访问时自动刷新。从开发的角度来看，它们具有成本效益和高效性，只需要为不同设备准备较少的版本，因此与原生应用程序相比，成本要低3到4倍。像福布斯、星巴克和Pinterest这样的大公司已经采用了这项技术。

PWAs (Progressive Web Apps) are faster and less resource-intensive to download than native apps. They work offline and automatically refresh with each visit. From a development perspective, they are cost-effective and efficient, requiring fewer versions for different devices, leading to costs that are 3 to 4 times lower than native apps. Major companies like Forbes, Starbucks, and Pinterest have adopted this technology.

渐进式Web应用程序（Progressive Web Apps，PWA）在开发者中越来越受欢迎的一个关键因素是它们具备平台独立性。这消除了为移动设备、平板电脑和桌面电脑创建单独应用程序的需求。开发的简单性不仅是PWA的节省成本的好处之一，它们创建的速度也更快，维护成本更低

A key factor in the rising popularity of PWAs (Progressive Web Apps) among developers is their platform independence. This eliminates the need for creating separate apps for mobile, tablet, and desktop. The simplicity of development is not the only cost-saving benefit of PWAs. They are also faster to create and cheaper to maintain.

Cross-platform app development(跨平台app开发）

自从移动应用程序出现以来，开发者一直面临着为Android和iOS创建两个原生应用程序还是创建一个跨浏览器应用程序的选择。由于原生应用程序的卓越性能，它们在市场上占据主导地位。

Since the emergence of mobile applications, developers have faced the choice between creating two native applications for Android and iOS or a single cross-browser app. Native apps, due to their superior performance, have predominantly dominated the market.

跨平台应用的优势:

• Broader reach（更广泛的覆盖范围）: Can be used on multiple operating systems (iOS, Android), increasing the potential user base.（可以在多个操作系统（iOS、Android）上使用，从而增加潜在用户群）
• Faster development time: Single development project instead of multiple native apps speeds up the process.（使用单一开发项目代替多个原生应用程序加快了开发过程。）
• Consistent user experience: Cross-platform applications have a uniform look and feel across different platforms, enhancing user familiarity.（跨平台应用程序在不同平台上具有统一的外观和感觉，增强了用户的熟悉度）
• Shared codebase: Code reusability and efficiency in development.(代码的可重用性和效率。)
• Easier deployment: Updates are rolled out simultaneously across all platforms.(更新可以同时在所有平台上推出)
• Resource efficiency: Requires fewer resources and a smaller development team.（跨平台应用程序需要较少的资源和较小的开发团队）
• Cost-effectiveness: Reduced development and maintenance costs as a single codebase is used for multiple platforms.（由于在多个平台上使用单一代码库，开发和维护成本降低了）

流行的跨平台框架包括：React Native、Flutter、Ionic等。