keepalived高可用

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 12:36:47 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 12:36:47 发布
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文章标签： keepalived
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yi_qingjun/article/details/110482666
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文章目录

1. keepalived简介

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。

官网

1.2 keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

  • 管理LVS负载均衡软件
  • 实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
  • 作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

1.3 keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。

在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

那么，什么是VRRP呢？
VRRP ,全 称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议 ，VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题，VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。

1.4 keepalived原理

1.4.1 keepalived高可用架构图

在这里插入图片描述

1.4.2 keepalived工作原理描述

Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：

  1. VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
  2. VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
  3. VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
  4. 工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
  5. VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

2. keepalived配置文件讲解

2.1 keepalived默认配置文件

keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。其内容如下：

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.50.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.50.200  80 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.50.200  80   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.50.158  80 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.50.159  80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

2.2 定制主配置文件

  • vrrp_instance段配置
nopreempt   //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的，当高优先级的机器恢复后，会抢占低优先 \
级的机器成为MASTER，而不抢占，则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER，即使高优先级 \
的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能，则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。

preempt_delay   //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒，范围是0---1000，默认是0.发现低优先 \
级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。
  • vrrp_script段配置
//作用：添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
//注意：至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
          ...
    }

//选项说明：
script "/path/to/somewhere"      //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval <INTEGER>              //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout <INTEGER>               //指定在多少秒后，脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 --- 254>           //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise <INTEGER>                  //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall <INTEGER>                  //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user <USERNAME> [GROUPNAME]     //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail                       //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。

//weight说明： 
1. 如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0)，weight大于0，则priority增加。
2. 如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0)，weight小于0，则priority减少。
3. 其他情况下，priority不变。
  • real_server段配置
weight <INT>            //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure      //当服务器健康检查失败时，将其weight设置为0， \
                        //而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up <STRING>      //当服务器健康检查成功时，执行的脚本
notify_down <STRING>    //当服务器健康检查失败时，执行的脚本
uthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最小连接数
  • tcp_check段配置
connect_ip <IP ADDRESS>     //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port <PORT>         //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto <IP ADDRESS>         //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port <PORT>            //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout <INT>       //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark <INTEGER>            //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup <INT>    //指定一个随机延迟，最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0，则关闭该功能。
retry <INIT>                //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry <INT>    //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。

3 脑裂

在高可用（HA）系统中，当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时，本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统，就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系，都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样，争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”，就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、2边“服务”都起不来了；或者2边“服务”都起来了，但同时读写“共享存储”，导致数据损坏（常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错）。
　　
对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策，目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条：

  • 添加冗余的心跳线，例如：双线条线（心跳线也HA），尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率；

  • 启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘，“裂脑”发生时，让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题，如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”，另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃，就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即：正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开（察觉不到对端）时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了。

  • 设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP（如网关IP），当心跳线完全断开时，2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP，不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了，即使启动（或继续）应用服务也没有用了，那就主动放弃竞争，让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些，ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启，以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源

3.1 脑裂产生的原因

一般来说，脑裂的发生，有以下几种原因：

  • 高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障，导致无法正常通信

    • 因心跳线坏了（包括断了，老化）
    • 因网卡及相关驱动坏了，ip配置及冲突问题（网卡直连）
    • 因心跳线间连接的设备故障（网卡及交换机）
    • 因仲裁的机器出问题（采用仲裁的方案）

  • 高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输

  • 高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确，导致发送心跳失败

  • 其他服务配置不当等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等

注意：

Keepalived配置里同一 VRRP实例如果 virtual_router_id两端参数配置不一致也会导致裂脑问题发生。

3.2 脑裂的常见解决方案

在实际生产环境中，我们可以从以下几个方面来防止裂脑问题的发生：

  • 同时使用串行电缆和以太网电缆连接，同时用两条心跳线路，这样一条线路坏了，另一个还是好的，依然能传送心跳消息
  • 当检测到裂脑时强行关闭一个心跳节点（这个功能需特殊设备支持，如Stonith、feyce）。相当于备节点接收不到心跳消患，通过单独的线路发送关机命令关闭主节点的电源
  • 做好对裂脑的监控报警（如邮件及手机短信等或值班）.在问题发生时人为第一时间介入仲裁，降低损失。例如，百度的监控报警短信就有上行和下行的区别。报警消息发送到管理员手机上，管理员可以通过手机回复对应数字或简单的字符串操作返回给服务器.让服务器根据指令自动处理相应故障，这样解决故障的时间更短.

当然，在实施高可用方案时，要根据业务实际需求确定是否能容忍这样的损失。对于一般的网站常规业务.这个损失是可容忍的

3.3 脑裂监控

对脑裂的监控应在备用服务器上进行，通过添加zabbix自定义监控进行。
监控什么信息呢？监控备上有无VIP地址

备机上出现VIP有两种情况：

  • 发生了脑裂
  • 正常的主备切换
    监控只是监控发生脑裂的可能性，不能保证一定是发生了脑裂，因为正常的主备切换VIP也是会到备上的。

监控脚本如下：

[root@slave ~]# mkdir -p /scripts && cd /scripts
[root@slave scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash

if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 172.16.12.250|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
    echo "keepalived is error!"
else
    echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi

环境说明：

IP说明
192.168.50.156主
192.168.50.157备
192.168.50.154zabbix

在这里插入图片描述

  • 备服务器进行脚本配置
在backup上面配置zabbix_agentd
[root@backup ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  zabbix-5.2.0.tar.gz
[root@backup ~]# tar xf zabbix-5.2.0.tar.gz 
[root@backup ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  zabbix-5.2.0.tar.gz
zabbix-5.2.0
[root@backup ~]# cd zabbix-5.2.0
[root@backup zabbix-5.2.0]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin zabbix
[root@backup zabbix-5.2.0]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel make
[root@localhost zabbix-5.0.2]# ./configure --enable-agent
[root@localhost zabbix-5.0.2]# make install
[root@hostname etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
......
# Mandatory: yes, if StartAgents is not explicitly set to 0
# Default:
# Server=

Server=192.168.50.156           将后面的IP改为server端的IP
......
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ServerActive=

ServerActive=192.168.50.156            与上面一样
......
# Hostname=

Hostname=test                    主机名不能和server端一样
......
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1
# Default:
 UnsafeUserParameters=1               将此行取消注释，并将0改为1
......
### Option: UserParameter
#       User-defined parameter to monitor. There can be several user-defined parameters.
#       Format: UserParameter=<key>,<shell command>
#       See 'zabbix_agentd' directory for examples.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/bin/bash /scripts/check_keepalived.sh   //修改此行内容

[root@backup etc]# pkill zabbix
[root@backup etc]# zabbix_agentd
  • 备服务器上编写脚本
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# ls
notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh

if [ `ip a show ens160 |grep 192.168.50.200|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
    echo "1"
else
    echo "0"
fi

[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh
[root@backup scripts]# ls
check_keepalived.sh  notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix /scripts
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  98 Dec  3 21:27 check_httpd.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 662 Dec  3 17:27 notify.sh



在zabbix端测试结果
[root@localhost ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.50.157 -k check_keepalived
1
此时输出为一，web会出现警报
  • zabbix页面部署
    在这里插入图片描述
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  • 模拟脑裂
修改MASTER上的配置文件
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived
  
global_defs {
   router_id lb01
    interval 1
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
    track_script {
        httpd_check
    }

}


vrrp_script httpd_check {
    script "/scripts/check_httpd.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}


vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 71           修改此处virtual_router_id和SLAVE不一样
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
    track_script {
        httpd_check
    }
......


重启服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart httpd keepalived
Job for httpd.service canceled.

此时发现MASTER端出现VIP和80端口
[root@master ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Avail>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kee>
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-12->
  Process: 25111 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalive>
 Main PID: 25112 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 12320)
   Memory: 4.5M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─25112 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─25113 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─25114 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─25116 /bin/bash /scripts/notify.s>
           └─25123 systemctl stop httpd

Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:13 master Keepalived_vrrp[25114]:>
Dec 04 15:15:14 master Keepalived_healthchecke>
Dec 04 15:15:14 master Keepalived_healthchecke>
Dec 04 15:15:14 master Keepalived_healthchecke>
Dec 04 15:15:14 master Keepalived_healthchecke>
[root@master ~]# 
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe72:93e6/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q     Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port               
LISTEN  0       128              0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN  0       128                 [::]:22                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN  0       128                    *:80                              *:*               




SLAVE端也出现VIP和80端口
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:7a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.157/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe48:7a3c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q    Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port               
LISTEN  0       128             0.0.0.0:10050                      0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN  0       128             0.0.0.0:22                         0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN  0       128                   *:80                               *:*                  
LISTEN  0       128                [::]:22                            [::]:*
  • 访问网页
    在这里插入图片描述

4. keepalived实现http负载均衡机高可用

环境说明:

系统信息主机名IP
redhat8master192.168.50.156
redhat8backup192.168.50.157
redhat8RS1192.168.50.158
redhat8RS2192.168.50.159
centos7client192.168.50.154

1. 配置RS1主机:

1. 配置内核参数
[root@RS1 ~]#  tail -2 /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
[root@RS1 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

2. 配置RIP和VIP
[root@RS1 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=192.168.50.158
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY0=192.168.50.2
IPADDR1=192.168.50.200
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@RS1 ~]#  ifdown ens160;ifup ens160
[root@RS1 yum.repos.d]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:13:a2:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.158/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe13:a20e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


3. 配置http
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'RS1' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@RS1 ~]# setenforce 0
  • 访问网页
    在这里插入图片描述

2. 配置RS2主机：

1. 配置内核参数
[root@RS2 ~]#  tail -2 /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
[root@RS2 ~]#  sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2



2. 配置RIP和VIP
[root@RS2 ~]# vim  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=192.168.50.159
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY0=192.168.50.2
IPADDR1=192.168.50.200
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@RS2 ~]# ifdown ens160;ifup ens160
[root@RS2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a4:62:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.159/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea4:626b/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


3.  配置http
[root@RS2 ~]#  yum -y install httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'RS2' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
LISTEN 0      128                *:80              *:*  
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
  • 访问网页
    在这里插入图片描述

3. 配置master的DR：

1. 配置DIP
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.50.156
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.50.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@master ~]#  ifdown ens160;ifup ens160
Connection 'ens160' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1795sec preferred_lft 1795sec
    inet6 fe80::2325:4991:c1bf:9804/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever



2. 添加规则
[root@master ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.50.200:80 -s rr
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.200:80 -r 192.168.50.158:80 -g
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.200:80 -r 192.168.50.159:80 -g
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -Sn > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.50.200:80 rr
  -> 192.168.50.158:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.50.159:80            Route   1      0          0

4. 配置backup的DR:

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.50.157
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.50.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114

[root@backup ~]#  yum -y install ipvsadm
[root@backup ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.50.200:80 -s rr
[root@backup ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.200:80 -r 192.168.50.158:80 -g
[root@backup ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.200:80 -r 192.168.50.159:80 -g
[root@backup ~]# ipvsadm -Sn > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
[root@backup ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.50.200:80 rr
  -> 192.168.50.158:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.50.159:80            Route   1      0          0

5. 配置主keepalived

1. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled


2. 配置网络源
[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --100  2595  100  2595    0     0   6520      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  6536
[root@master ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@master ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@master yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@master yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@master ~]# yum -y install vim wget


3. 安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum list all|grep keepalived
keepalived.x86_64                                    2.0.10-10.el8                                    AppStream    
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived


4. 查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]#  rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived                    配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf                  此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/3f
/usr/lib/.build-id/3f/06704d58a98081943947419d57227b0ad21b31
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service                此为服务控制文件

......


5. 配置主配置文件
[root@master ~]#  cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf  keepalived.conf-bak

[root@master keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.50.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.50.158 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.50.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}


[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

6. 用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived

7. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@backup ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 


8. 配置网络源
[root@backup ~]#  curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --100  2595  100  2595    0     0   5665      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  5678
[root@backup ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@backup ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@backup ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@backup ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install vim wget keepalived


[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@backup keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf  keepalived.conf-bak

[root@backup keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.50.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.50.158 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.50.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}


[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

7. 查看VIP

1. 在master上查看
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1618sec preferred_lft 1618sec
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::2325:4991:c1bf:9804/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


2. 在backup上查看
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:7a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.157/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1778sec preferred_lft 1778sec
    inet6 fe80::e24:6b39:f9c1:1da7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

8. 使用客户端验证

[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS2
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS1
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS2
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS1
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS2
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.50.200
RS1

4.1 keepalived高可用脚本配置自动切换

在master上编写脚本:

1. 写脚本
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_httpd.sh 

#!/bin/bash
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_httpd.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ls
check_httpd.sh


2. 开启主的keepalived服务,关闭httpd服务；开启备的两个服务，再查看httpd和keepalived服务状态
主：
[root@master scripts]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@master scripts]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@master scripts]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-03 15:39:1>
  Process: 1269 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 1270 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 12320)
   Memory: 2.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─1270 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─1271 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─1272 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
......
[root@master scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1237sec preferred_lft 1237sec
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160                    此时vip在主设备上
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::61f0:4b4a:95c1:d20f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

备：
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128                *:80              *:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@backup ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-03 16:59:0>
 Main PID: 1588 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 2.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─1588 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─1589 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─1590 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
......
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:7a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.157/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe48:7a3c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


3. 执行脚本，则主上的服务会被停掉，vip流向备主机上
[root@master scripts]# ./check_httpd.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@master scripts]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-12-03 17:09:25>
  Process: 1269 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 1270 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
......
[root@master scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1129sec preferred_lft 1129sec
    inet6 fe80::61f0:4b4a:95c1:d20f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


备：
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:7a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.157/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160             此时vip在备主机上
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe48:7a3c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  1. 在master上写脚本
1. 写脚本
[root@master scripts]# ls
check_httpd.sh  notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
        subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
        content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
        echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1470044516@qq.com
}

case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ls
check_httpd.sh  notify.sh
  1. 在backup上写脚本
1. 写脚本
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
        subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
        content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
        echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1470044516@qq.com
}

case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac

4.2 配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script httpd_check {
    script "/scripts/check_httpd.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}


vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
    track_script {
        httpd_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.50.200"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.50.200"

}

virtual_server 192.168.50.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.50.158 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
                       nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.50.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}



[root@master keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-12-03 17:50:04>
  Process: 1752 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 1753 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: (VI_1) Ent>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: VRRP sockp>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived[1753]: Stopping
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:04 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: Stopped - >
Dec 03 17:50:04 master Keepalived[1753]: Stopped Keepali>
Dec 03 17:50:04 master systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP

配置备keepalived

backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭

[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
  
global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345678
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.50.200
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.50.200"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.50.200"
}

virtual_server 192.168.50.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.50.158 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.50.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}



[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived

停掉所有服务

主：
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@master ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-12-03 17:50:04>
  Process: 1752 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 1753 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: (VI_1) Ent>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: VRRP sockp>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP>
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived[1753]: Stopping
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:03 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[1754]: >
Dec 03 17:50:04 master Keepalived_vrrp[1755]: Stopped - >
Dec 03 17:50:04 master Keepalived[1753]: Stopped Keepali>
Dec 03 17:50:04 master systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP >

备：
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop keepalived httpd
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@backup ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-12-03 18:05:07>
  Process: 2324 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 2326 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Dec 03 18:03:25 backup Keepalived_healthcheckers[2327]: >
Dec 03 18:03:25 backup Keepalived_healthcheckers[2327]: >
Dec 03 18:03:25 backup Keepalived_healthcheckers[2327]: >
Dec 03 18:05:06 backup systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP>
Dec 03 18:05:06 backup Keepalived[2326]: Stopping
Dec 03 18:05:06 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2328]: (VI_1) sen>
Dec 03 18:05:06 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2328]: (VI_1) rem>
Dec 03 18:05:07 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2328]: Stopped - >
Dec 03 18:05:07 backup systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP >
Dec 03 18:05:07 backup Keepalived[2326]: Stopped Keepali>

打开主上的所有服务，打开备上的keepalived服务且关闭httpd服务

主：
打开抢占功能
[root@master ~]# systemctl start httpd keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1002sec preferred_lft 1002sec
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::61f0:4b4a:95c1:d20f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever




备：
设置开机自动启动keepalived
[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable keepalived

[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@backup ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-03 18:16:4>
 Main PID: 2845 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 2.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─2845 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─2846 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─2847 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Dec 03 18:25:27 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: (VI_1) Sen>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:25:32 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:27:08 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: (VI_1) Mas>
Dec 03 18:27:08 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: (VI_1) Ent>
Dec 03 18:27:08 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: (VI_1) rem>

模拟阿帕奇没起来

主：
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@master ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-12-03 18:28:34>
  Process: 3733 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIV>
 Main PID: 3734 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Dec 03 18:27:12 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[3735]: >
Dec 03 18:27:12 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[3735]: >
Dec 03 18:27:12 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[3735]: >
Dec 03 18:28:33 master systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP>
Dec 03 18:28:33 master Keepalived[3734]: Stopping
Dec 03 18:28:33 master Keepalived_vrrp[3736]: (VI_1) sen>
Dec 03 18:28:33 master Keepalived_vrrp[3736]: (VI_1) rem>
Dec 03 18:28:34 master Keepalived_vrrp[3736]: Stopped - >
Dec 03 18:28:34 master systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP >
Dec 03 18:28:34 master Keepalived[3734]: Stopped Keepali>
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1518sec preferred_lft 1518sec
    inet6 fe80::61f0:4b4a:95c1:d20f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever



备：
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*   
LISTEN 0      128                *:80              *:*   
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*   
[root@backup ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Mo>
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.se>
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-03 18:16:4>
 Main PID: 2845 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 2.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─2845 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─2846 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─2847 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Dec 03 18:28:35 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:35 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:35 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:35 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: (VI_1) Sen>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
Dec 03 18:28:40 backup Keepalived_vrrp[2847]: Sending gr>
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:7a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.157/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.50.200/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe48:7a3c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


以上操作说明主的httpd服务没起来则会停掉keepalived服务，这时备会变成主，该机的服务会起来，vip流向此机

```
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liubo07的博客
09-07 187
官网地址：http://www.keepalived.org 安装位置：/usr/local/ 使用下面命令下载并解压： wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.0.6.tar.gz tar -xzvf keepalived-2.0.6.tar.gz -C keepalived 在安装之前需要使用下面命令安装相关依赖： yum -y install curl gcc openssl-devel libnl3-devel net-..
keepalived高可用配置
weixin_46406282的博客
07-11 98
一、实施过程 1、选择两台nginx服务器作为代理服务器。 2、给两台代理服务器安装keepalived制作高可用生成VIP 3、配置nginx的负载均衡 以上两台nginx服务器配置文件一致 根据站点分区进行调度 配置upstream文件 所有机器关闭防火墙selinux systemctl stop firewalld && setenforce 0 [root@nginx-proxy ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@nginx-proxy conf.d]
企业级keepalived高可用实战与Nginx负载均衡视频教程.zip
01-21
本教程将深入探讨如何利用Keepalived实现高可用性以及如何结合Nginx进行负载均衡。这两个技术是现代Web服务架构中的关键组件，它们为企业提供了稳定、高效的服务运行环境。 Keepalived是一个开源项目，主要用于提供...
keepalived高可用.zip
07-27
【标题】"keepalived高可用.zip"是一个包含有关如何设置和配置keepalived以实现高可用性的资源包。Keepalived是一款开源软件，主要用于在Linux系统中提供高可用性(HA)解决方案，特别是用于保持网络服务的持续可用性...
Mysql+keepalived高可用
07-11
MySQL 高可用架构实现 Keepalived MySQL 高可用架构实现 Keepalived 是一种常见的解决方案，旨在提高 MySQL 数据库的可用性和可靠性。该解决方案通过使用 Keepalived 实现虚拟 IP（VIP），并结合 MySQL 主从复制...
keepalived 高可用快速配置
minmax329的博客
01-31 106
notification_email_from test@localhost#发送邮件的from地址，可以随意写，邮件地址不存在都无所谓。real_server 192.168.1.139 80 {#设置真实服务器的心跳机制 RID PORT。virtual_server 192.168.1.200 80 {#设置虚拟lvs服务，VIP PORT。delay_before_retry 1#每隔1秒钟再次检查。smtp_server 127.0.0.1#邮件服务的地址，一般写本地。
linux集群架构介绍，Keepalived介绍，用keepalived配置高可用集群
aoli_shuai的博客
01-29 404
集群介绍 Linux集群根据功能划分为两大类：高可用和负载均衡。 高可用集群 高可用集群通常为2台服务器，一台工作，另一台作为冗余，当提供服务的机器宕机时，冗余将接替继续提供服务。 实现高可用的开源软件有：heartbeat、Keepalived，其中heartbeat已无人维护，基本上使用Keepalived来搭建高可用集群。 负载均衡集群 负载均衡集群，需要有1台服务器作为分发器，
keepalived高可用基本配置
crazy_brick的博客
05-28 335
keepalived高可用相关配置（主备之间只需更改节点角色和优先级即可）   三种状态脚本如下：主备配置完毕可通过tail -f /var/log/keepalived.log查看切换状态
Keepalived实现高可用
weixin_53150440的博客
10-13 1628
keepalived的工作原理，实现负载均衡高可用的搭建，高可用的验证
12.10Keepalived高可用
weixin_46837396的博客
04-05 215
Keepalived高可用 一、Keepalived高可用介绍 1.什么是高可用 2.常用的工具 3.keepalived是如何实现高可用的？ 1）涉及名词 2）例子 4.高可用keepalived核心概念 二、keepalived搭建 1.环境准备 2.保证七层负载均衡完全一致 3.安装keepalived 4.配置keepalived 1）查找配置文件 2）配置主节点的配置文件 3）配置备节点 5.启动服务 6.keepalived开启日志 三、keepalived的抢占式与非抢占式 1.两个节点都启动
Keepalived 高可用集群详解和配置
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TYM121380的博客
08-14 829
1、LB（Load Balance）：负载均衡LVS：四层负载均衡HAProxy：七层/四层 负载均衡nginx：七层负载均衡2、HA（High Availa bility）：高可用集群数据库、Redis3、SPoF（Single Point of Failure）：解决单点故障HPC：High Performance Computing 高性能集群。
配置Keepalived实现MySQL高可用
WanJiaBaoBao的博客
11-02 576
配置环境 已关闭防火墙、selinux； 服务器的IP地址及角色如下表： IP地址 服务器/角色 安装服务 192.168.91.131 master Keepalived、MariaDB-server、MariaDB 192.168.91.132 backup Keepalived、MariDB-server、MariaDB 192.168.91.133 测试连接my...
Keepalive
fhjtg的博客
03-08 823
基于vrrp协议完成地址流动为vip地址所在的节点生成ipvs规则(在配置文件中预先定义)为ipvs集群的各RS做健康状态检测基于脚本调用接口完成脚本中定义的功能，进而影响集群事务，以此支持nginx、haproxy等服务vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> { #定义一个检测脚本，在global_defs 之外配置script <STRING>|<QUOTED-STRING> #shell命令或脚本路径(注意执行权限)
Keepalived 高可用（附带配置实例，联动Nginx和LVS)
这是博客的简介的简介
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LVS+Keepalive;Nginx+Keepalived
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