[Android] ListView中getView的原理＋如何在ListView中放置多个item

ListView 和 Adapter 的基础

工作原理:

1. ListView 针对List中每个item，要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
2. 一个新的视图被返回并显示

如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办？为每个项目创建一个新视图？NO!这不可能！

实际上Android为你缓存了视图。

Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件，下图是他的工作原理：

1. 如果你有10亿个项目(item)，其中只有可见的项目存在内存中，其他的在Recycler中。
2. ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
3. 当item1滚出屏幕，并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时，ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了，它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView，不必重新创建一个视图。

请看下面的示例代码，这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出

01	public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {

02

03	private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;

04

05

@Override

06	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

07	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

08	mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();

09	for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {

10	mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);

11

}

12	setListAdapter(mAdapter);

13

}

14

15	private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

16

17	private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();

18	private LayoutInflater mInflater;

19

20	public MyCustomAdapter() {

21	mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

22

}

23

24	public void addItem(final String item) {

25	mData.add(item);

26	notifyDataSetChanged();

27

}

28

29

@Override

30	public int getCount() {

31	return mData.size();

32

}

33

34

@Override

35	public String getItem(int position) {

36	return mData.get(position);

37

}

38

39

@Override

40	public long getItemId(int position) {

41	return position;

42

}

43

44

@Override

45	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

46	System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);

47	ViewHolder holder = null;

48	if (convertView == null) {

49	convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);

50	holder = new ViewHolder();

51	holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);

52	convertView.setTag(holder);

53

} else {

54	holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();

55

}

56	holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));

57	return convertView;

58

}

59

60

}

61

62	public static class ViewHolder {

63	public TextView textView;

64

}

65

}

 

执行程序，然后在Logcat中查看日志

 

getView 被调用 9 次 ，convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值（如下）

02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null

02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null

02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null

02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null

02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null

02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null

02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null

02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null

02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null

 

然后稍微向下滚动List，直到item10出现：

 

convertView仍然是空值，因为recycler中没有视图（item1的边缘仍然可见，在顶端）

 

02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null

 

再滚动List

 

convertView不是空值了！item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了，然后item11被创建

 

02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

 

再滚动：

02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0

02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8

02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8

02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820

02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048

02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870

02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098

02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0

02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0

02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView 如我们所期待的非空了，在item11离开屏幕之后，它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了

不同的项目布局(item layout)

我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子，在上例的list中加入一些分隔线

你需要做这些:

1. 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
2. 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
3. 根据view item的类型，在getView中创建正确的convertView

以下是代码：

 

001	public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {

002

003	private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;

004

005

@Override

006	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

007	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

008	mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();

009	for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {

010	mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);

011	if (i % 4 == 0) {

012	mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);

013

}

014

}

015	setListAdapter(mAdapter);

016

}

017

018	private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

019

020	private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;

021	private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;

022	private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;

023

024	private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();

025	private LayoutInflater mInflater;

026

027	private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();

028

029	public MyCustomAdapter() {

030	mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

031

}

032

033	public void addItem(final String item) {

034	mData.add(item);

035	notifyDataSetChanged();

036

}

037

038	public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) {

039	mData.add(item);

040	// save separator position

041	mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);

042	notifyDataSetChanged();

043

}

044

045

@Override

046	public int getItemViewType(int position) {

047	return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;

048

}

049

050

@Override

051	public int getViewTypeCount() {

052	return TYPE_MAX_COUNT;

053

}

054

055

@Override

056	public int getCount() {

057	return mData.size();

058

}

059

060

@Override

061	public String getItem(int position) {

062	return mData.get(position);

063

}

064

065

@Override

066	public long getItemId(int position) {

067	return position;

068

}

069

070

@Override

071	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

072	ViewHolder holder = null;

073	int type = getItemViewType(position);

074	System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);

075	if (convertView == null) {

076	holder = new ViewHolder();

077	switch (type) {

078	case TYPE_ITEM:

079	convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);

080	holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);

081

break;

082	case TYPE_SEPARATOR:

083	convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);

084	holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);

085

break;

086

}

087	convertView.setTag(holder);

088

} else {

089	holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();

090

}

091	holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));

092	return convertView;

093

}

094

095

}

096

097	public static class ViewHolder {

098	public TextView textView;

099

}

100

}

 

运行程序，你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志，无异常，所有的convertView都是空的

 

02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1

02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1

滚动list：

02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1

02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0

02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0

02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0

02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1

02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0

convertView对于分割线是空的，直到第一个分割线可见，当其离开屏幕，视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。

 

本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

代码下载：MultipleItemsList.zip – source code

 

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html