Matplotlib绘制常见图形

散点图

# 使用plot绘制散点图，把线宽设置为0或线型设置为无

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

PI = np.pi
x = np.linspace(0, 2*PI, 21)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(6, 2), sharey=True)        # 返回figure和axis组成的元组
ax[0].plot(x, np.sin(x), linewidth=0, marker="o", markersize=3)
ax[1].plot(x, np.cos(x), linestyle='', marker="s", markersize=3, color="orange")
plt.show()

# 使用scatter绘制散点图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 6, 21)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(6, 2))
ax[0].scatter(x, np.exp(x)) 
ax[1].scatter(x, np.exp(x), s=10*x, c=x)  # s设置点的大小，c设置每个点的颜色
plt.show()

极坐标图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

PI = np.pi
N = 50
x = np.linspace(0, 2*PI, N)
plt.polar(x, [i for i in range(N)], marker="o", lw=1, markersize=3)
plt.show()

饼图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 5
sizes = np.linspace(1, 5, N)               # 每块饼的值
explode = [0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01]    # 爆炸分离程度
lables = [chr(i)  for i in range(65, 70)]  # 每块饼的标签，大写A的ASCLL码为65
plt.pie(sizes, explode, lables, autopct="%.1f%%", startangle=90) 
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()

箱线图

import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
np.random.seed(10)  
data = np.random.randint(60, 100, 200)
np.random.seed(3)
data1 = np.random.randint(60, 100, 100)
y = [data, data1]           # 数据
plt.boxplot(y)              # 绘制箱线图
plt.title('Boxplot')  
plt.xlabel('Data')  
plt.ylabel('Values')  
plt.show()