java8 stream 包package的注释

文章引用自：

java.util.stream (Java SE 11 & JDK 11 )

​​​​​​Java Platform SE 8

stream的获取方式：

Streams can be obtained in a number of ways. Some examples include:
From a Collection via the stream() and parallelStream() methods;
From an array via Arrays.stream(Object[]);
From static factory methods on the stream classes, such as Stream.of(Object[]), IntStream.range(int, int) or Stream.iterate(Object, UnaryOperator);
The lines of a file can be obtained from BufferedReader.lines();
Streams of file paths can be obtained from methods in Files;
Streams of random numbers can be obtained from Random.ints();
Numerous other stream-bearing methods in the JDK, including BitSet.stream(), Pattern.splitAsStream(java.lang.CharSequence), and JarFile.stream().

reduce和collect

     int sumOfWeights = widgets.stream()
                               .reduce(0,
                                       (sum, b) -> sum + b.getWeight())
                                       Integer::sum);
 

ArrayList<String> strings = stream.collect(() -> new ArrayList<>(),
                                                (c, e) -> c.add(e.toString()),
                                                (c1, c2) -> c1.addAll(c2));

以及如何获取一个流，也就是流的构造器

Low-level stream construction
So far, all the stream examples have used methods like Collection.stream() or Arrays.stream(Object[]) to obtain a stream. How are those stream-bearing methods implemented?
The class StreamSupport has a number of low-level methods for creating a stream, all using some form of a Spliterator. A spliterator is the parallel analogue of an Iterator; it describes a (possibly infinite) collection of elements, with support for sequentially advancing, bulk traversal, and splitting off some portion of the input into another spliterator which can be processed in parallel. At the lowest level, all streams are driven by a spliterator.

There are a number of implementation choices in implementing a spliterator, nearly all of which are tradeoffs between simplicity of implementation and runtime performance of streams using that spliterator. The simplest, but least performant, way to create a spliterator is to create one from an iterator using Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(java.util.Iterator, int). While such a spliterator will work, it will likely offer poor parallel performance, since we have lost sizing information (how big is the underlying data set), as well as being constrained to a simplistic splitting algorithm.

A higher-quality spliterator will provide balanced and known-size splits, accurate sizing information, and a number of other characteristics of the spliterator or data that can be used by implementations to optimize execution.

Spliterators for mutable data sources have an additional challenge; timing of binding to the data, since the data could change between the time the spliterator is created and the time the stream pipeline is executed. Ideally, a spliterator for a stream would report a characteristic of IMMUTABLE or CONCURRENT; if not it should be late-binding. If a source cannot directly supply a recommended spliterator, it may indirectly supply a spliterator using a Supplier, and construct a stream via the Supplier-accepting versions of stream(). The spliterator is obtained from the supplier only after the terminal operation of the stream pipeline commences.

These requirements significantly reduce the scope of potential interference between mutations of the stream source and execution of stream pipelines. Streams based on spliterators with the desired characteristics, or those using the Supplier-based factory forms, are immune to modifications of the data source prior to commencement of the terminal operation (provided the behavioral parameters to the stream operations meet the required criteria for non-interference and statelessness). See Non-Interference for more details.