Android view绘制之setContentView详解

Android view绘制之setContentView详解

Activity是我们开发过程中最常见到的界面，然而它是怎么从layout布局文件加载显示到我们眼前的呢？接下来我们就来看看，activity界面的呈现过程，在Activity中我们通常通过setContentView()来设置layout的资源。

    frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java
     public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
          getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
          initWindowDecorActionBar();
     }

在Activity中通过getWindow()获取PhoneWindow对象的实例，PhoneWindow是Window的唯一子类

Window类：是一个抽象类，提供了绘制窗口的一组通用API，可以将之理解为一个载体，各种View在这个载体上显示。

PhoneWindow类：该类是Window的子类，是Window类的具体实现，可以通过该类具体去绘制窗口。并且，该类内部包含了一个DecorView对象，该DectorView对象是所有应用窗口(Activity界面)的根View。 简而言之，PhoneWindow类是把一个FrameLayout类即DecorView对象进行一定的包装，将它作为应用窗口的根View，并提供一组通用的窗口操作接口。

DecorView类 ：是Fragment的一个子类，不对外提供接口，是在PhoneWindow中加载显示的，是所有应用窗口的父view

private void initWindowDecorActionBar() {
    private void initWindowDecorActionBar() {
        Window window = getWindow();

        // Initializing the window decor can change window feature flags.
        // Make sure that we have the correct set before performing the test below.
        window.getDecorView();

     if (isChild() || !window.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR) || mActionBar != null) {
            return;
        }

        mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
        mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(mEnableDefaultActionBarUp);

        mWindow.setDefaultIcon(mActivityInfo.getIconResource());
        mWindow.setDefaultLogo(mActivityInfo.getLogoResource());
    }

调用Window里的setContentView设置要显示的content资源，初始化Activity的ActionBar，下面主要看看PhoneWindow@setContentView

frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/policy/PhoneWindow.java
    @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
        mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
    }

通过mLayoutInflater.inflate把layoutResID放到mContentParent中，在设置layoutResID之前需要先得到mContentParent对象，mContentParent是通过generateLayout来获取的ViewGroup，上面mContentParent对象是ViewGroup的实例，里面可能是DecorView，或者DecorView的子类

    private void installDecor() {
        mForceDecorInstall = false;
        if (mDecor == null) {
            mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
            if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
                mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
            }
        } else {
            mDecor.setWindow(this);
        }
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
        ...
    }

generateLayout里面主要是设置当前的Theme，通过mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource)，来加载默认的layoutResource，然后返回mContentParent对象

在LayoutInflater的inflate中，通过Resources的getLayout方法获取XmlResourceParser对象的实例，上面讲到在setContentView里通过mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent)把指定的布局放入mContentParent中

    frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/LayoutInflater.java
    public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
                    + Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
        }

        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }

然后在public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) 中解析layout布局文件，通过addView把解析出来的view加入到ViewGroup中

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/LayoutInflater.java
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": No start tag found!");
                }

                final String name = parser.getName();
                ...

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                                          params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    ...

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);

                    ...
                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } 
            ...
            return result;
        }
    }

解析具体过程就不在分析了，主要是利用传入的ayoutResID利用pull解析xml对应标签，并放入mContentParent中，最后附上一张图，简单分析了一个简单布局的视图