Android中Context的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 01:40:12 发布

yinbucheng

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 01:40:12 发布

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【转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up CSDN 废墟的树】
PS:修该了一些有误区的地方。

引言

Context对于Android开发人员来说并不陌生，项目中我们会经常使用Context来获取APP资源，创建UI，获取系统Service服务，启动Activity，绑定Service，发送广播，获取APP信息等等。那么Context到底是什么？Context又是怎么来实现以上功能的？在什么场景下使用不同的Context？一个APP中总共有多少个Context？这篇博客将从源码角度带你分析Android Context到底是个啥。

1.Context是什么

相信很多人多会问Context到底是什么？

我们可以理解为“上下文”：它贯穿整个应用；
也可以理解成“运行环境”：它提供了一个应用运行所需要的信息，资源，系统服务等；
同样可以理解成“场景”：用户操作和系统交互这一过程就是一个场景，比如Activity之间的切换，服务的启动等都少不了Context。

然而以上这些都是我们从抽象角度去理解Context的作用，那么从Code代码来看Context到底是什么呢？Activity是一个Context，Application是一个Context，Service也是一个Context你信么？不信的话，同样还是那句话“look the fuck resource code”。

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" ><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Context</span> {</span>
..............................
 <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return an AssetManager instance for your application's package. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> AssetManager <span class="hljs-title">getAssets</span>();

    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return a Resources instance for your application's package. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> Resources <span class="hljs-title">getResources</span>();

    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return PackageManager instance to find global package information. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> PackageManager <span class="hljs-title">getPackageManager</span>();

    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return a ContentResolver instance for your application's package. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> ContentResolver <span class="hljs-title">getContentResolver</span>();

...................
<span class="hljs-comment">//获取系统服务</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> Object <span class="hljs-title">getSystemService</span>(@ServiceName @NonNull String name);
<span class="hljs-comment">//发送广播</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">sendBroadcast</span>(Intent intent);
<span class="hljs-comment">//启动Activity</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">startActivity</span>(Intent intent);
<span class="hljs-comment">//启动服务，绑定服务</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> ComponentName <span class="hljs-title">startService</span>(Intent service);
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">bindService</span>(Intent service, @NonNull ServiceConnection conn,
            @BindServiceFlags <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> flags);

................
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul>

从源码看Context就是一个抽象类，里面定义了各种抽象方法，包括获取系统资源，获取系统服务，发送广播，启动Activity,Service等。所以从源码角度看Context就是抽象出一个App应用所有功能的集合，由于Context是一个纯的抽象类，所以它的具体的方法实现是在其之类ContextImpl中实现了，稍后分析。我们平时在MainActivity中会这么给mContext = this赋值，其言外之意就是当前Activity类就是Context，那说明Activity是Context的子类。通过Android Studio查看Context的子类图如下：

这里写图片描述

有图可知，Context的子类很多，我们主要分析以上红色矩形框内的即可。接下来就分析Android系统中Context的继承关系！

2.Android系统中Context的继承关系

有上一节我们知道，Activity是一个Context，Service也是一个Context等等，那么这些类跟Context具体什么关系呢？接下来有一幅图Context继承关系图来说明：
这里写图片描述
Context类是一个抽象类，具体实现在ContextImpl类中；而ContextWrapper是Context的一个包装类，其里面所有的方法实现都是调用其内部mBase变量的方法，而mBase就是ContextImpl对象，稍后分析。然而ContextWrapper还有一个ContextThemeWrapper子类，该类中扩展了主题相关的方法。有继承关系图可以看出，Application和Service是继承自ContextWrapper，而Activity是继承自ContextThemeWrapper，是不是有点奇怪？其实一点都不奇怪，Activity在启动的时候系统都会加载一个主题，也就是我们平时在AndroidManifest.xml文件里面写的android:theme=”@style/AppTheme”属性啦！然而Service和Applicaton都和UI界面并没有卵关系！因此他们继承自ContextWrapper。所以Activity，Application，Service其实都关联着一个mBase变量，而mBase变量是ContextImpl对象的赋值，也是真正实现抽象类Context的地方。虽然Activity，Application，Service都有一个共同的祖先Context，但是他们自己本身持有的Context对象是不同的，接下来我们从源码角度分析以上几个类的实现。

3.不同Context源码分析

3.1ContextImpl—真正实现Context功能的类

从源码看出Context类仅仅是定义了一组抽象方法的抽象类，其内部的方法真正实现的地方都在ContextImpl类中。

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">class ContextImpl extends Context {
    <span class="hljs-comment">//整个App的主线程</span>
    final ActivityThread mMainThread;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//整个App的相关信息</span>
    final LoadedApk mPackageInfo;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//资源解析器</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> final ResourcesManager mResourcesManager;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//App资源类</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> final Resources mResources;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//外部Context的引用</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Context mOuterContext;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//默认主题</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> int mThemeResource <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Resources<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>Theme mTheme <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//包管理器</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> PackageManager mPackageManager;

    <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//以下是静态区注册系统的各种服务，多大五六十种系统服务，因此每个持有Context引用的对象都可以随时通过getSystemService方法来轻松获取系统服务。</span>
static {
        registerService(ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE, <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> ServiceFetcher() {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Object getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> AccessibilityManager<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getInstance(ctx);
                }});

        registerService(CAPTIONING_SERVICE, <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> ServiceFetcher() {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Object getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> CaptioningManager(ctx);
                }});

        registerService(ACCOUNT_SERVICE, <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> ServiceFetcher() {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Object createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                    IBinder b <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ServiceManager<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getService(ACCOUNT_SERVICE);
                    IAccountManager service <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> IAccountManager<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>Stub<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>asInterface(b);
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> AccountManager(ctx, service);
                }});
        <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>

       }

<span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//启动Activity的地方</span>
 @Override
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-literal">void</span> startActivity(Intent intent, Bundle options) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ((intent<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getFlags()<span class="hljs-subst">&</span>Intent<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
            throw <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> AndroidRuntimeException(
                    <span class="hljs-string">"Calling startActivity() from outside of an Activity "</span>
                    <span class="hljs-subst">+</span> <span class="hljs-string">" context requires the FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK flag."</span>
                    <span class="hljs-subst">+</span> <span class="hljs-string">" Is this really what you want?"</span>);
        }
        mMainThread<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getInstrumentation()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>execStartActivity(
            getOuterContext(), mMainThread<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getApplicationThread(), <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>,
            (Activity)<span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>, intent, <span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span>, options);
    }

<span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//启动服务的地方</span>
@Override
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> startServiceCommon(service, mUser);
    }
<span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>     
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li><li>60</li><li>61</li><li>62</li><li>63</li><li>64</li><li>65</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li><li>60</li><li>61</li><li>62</li><li>63</li><li>64</li><li>65</li></ul>

分析：ContextImpl实现了抽象类Context里面的所有方法，获取资源，启动Activity，Service等。值得注意的是在ContextImpl创建的时候就会利用静态区来注册系统的各种服务，因此每个持有Context引用的类都可以通过getSystemService来轻松的获取系统服务了。比如我们平时LayoutInflater类来加载一个XML布局时时这么写的

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.from</span>(mContext)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
View layout = inflater<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.inflate</span>(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.layout</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.activity</span>_main,null)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>

其实源码内部是这样实现的：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
     * Obtains the LayoutInflater from the given context.
     */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> LayoutInflater <span class="hljs-title">from</span>(Context context) {
        LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
                (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (LayoutInflater == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> AssertionError(<span class="hljs-string">"LayoutInflater not found."</span>);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> LayoutInflater;
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>

可以看出LayoutInflater布局加载器也是调用context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);来获取系统服务得到的。因此我们以后在代码中也可以这么来加载一个XML布局：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> //获取服务
LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getSystemService</span>(Context<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.LAYOUT</span>_INFLATER_SERVICE)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
View layout = inflater<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.inflate</span>(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.layout</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.activity</span>_main,null)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>

由于ContextImpl是抽象类Context的具体实现，而Application，Activity，Service的祖先又都是Context类，那么它们都关联着一个ContextImpl对象来真正实现Context里面所有的方法。现在来分析下不同子类创建的Context对象。

3.2ContextWrapper

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Context</span> {</span>
    Context mBase;

    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span>(Context base) {
        mBase = base;
    }

    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
     * Set the base context for this ContextWrapper.  All calls will then be
     * delegated to the base context.  Throws
     * IllegalStateException if a base context has already been set.
     * 
     *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @param</span> base The new base context for this wrapper.
     */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">attachBaseContext</span>(Context base) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mBase != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> IllegalStateException(<span class="hljs-string">"Base context already set"</span>);
        }
        mBase = base;
    }

    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
     *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @return</span> the base context as set by the constructor or setBaseContext
     */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Context <span class="hljs-title">getBaseContext</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mBase;
    }
 ...................
  <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> AssetManager <span class="hljs-title">getAssets</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mBase.getAssets();
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Resources <span class="hljs-title">getResources</span>()
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mBase.getResources();
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> PackageManager <span class="hljs-title">getPackageManager</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mBase.getPackageManager();
    }
...............
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li></ul>

分析：从ContextWrapper源码可以看到，这个类只是一个装饰类，其内部所有方法的实现都指向mBase成员变量，而然谁给mBase成员变量赋值呢？结论是Context的真正实现类ContextImpl对象，后面会分析到。该类中通过attachBaseContext方法将ContextImpl对象赋值给mBase成员变量。

每一个App应用都是由ASM通过Binder机制创建一个新的进程然后调用ActivityThread类中的main方法开始的。很多人可能会感到奇怪为啥Android也是基于Java实现的，为啥没有看到main方法呢？其实整个App应用的入口在ActivityThread.main方法里面啦！关于Activity启动过程请参考大神级别人物老罗的这篇博客：Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划。所有有关Application，Activity，Service的创建都是在ActivityThread类中，其实该类就是我们App的主线程。

3.3Application中的Context

每一个应用在启动的时候都会创建一个Application对象，该对象是全局的，开发者可以实现一个子类MyApplication类来继承Application，然后实现一些全局的方法或者数据。

应用入口ActivityThread#main

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
        ................
        <span class="hljs-comment">//初始化Looper</span>
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();
        <span class="hljs-comment">//创建一个APP主线程ActivityThread对象</span>
        ActivityThread thread = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ActivityThread();
        <span class="hljs-comment">//初始化App应用信息</span>
        thread.attach(<span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>);
        <span class="hljs-comment">//获得主线程也就是UI线程的handler对象</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (sMainThreadHandler == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }
        <span class="hljs-comment">//此处值得注意了，在Android4.1版本之后添加了这么一个方法，目的就是为了能让AsyncTask能在子线程创建，</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">//在之前的版本是不能在子线程中创建初始化AsyncTask的。</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">//对AsyncTask感兴趣的童鞋可以参考这篇博客[ Android异步任务处理框架AsyncTask源码分析](http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up/article/details/46860015)</span>
        AsyncTask.init();
        <span class="hljs-comment">//启动Looper循环，进入消息循环。</span>
        Looper.loop();
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul>

分析：main方法主要工作就是创建一个App应用的主线程ActivityThread并初始化，且构建一个消息循环机制用于处理UI交互。代码第6-8行，创建了一个应用的主线程ActivityThread并且调用attach方法来初始化。进入attach方法：
ActivityThread#attach

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-literal">void</span> attach(boolean system) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">//整个应用的Application对象</span>
    Application mInitialApplication;
    <span class="hljs-comment">//整个应用的后台管家</span>
    Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
        <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
            try {
                mInstrumentation <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> Instrumentation();
                ContextImpl context <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ContextImpl<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createAppContext(
                        this, getSystemContext()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mPackageInfo);
                <span class="hljs-comment">//利用ContextImpl创建整个应用的Application对象</span>
                mInitialApplication <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> context<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mPackageInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>makeApplication(<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>);
                <span class="hljs-comment">//调用Application对象的onCreate方法</span>
                mInitialApplication<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>onCreate();
            } 
       <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li></ul>

代码第13行：通过调用LoadedApk#makeApplication方法创建应用程序的Application对象。
LoadedApk#makeApplication

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        <span class="hljs-comment">//第一次进来mApplication==null条件不满足，之后创建Activity的时候条件满足直接返回当前Application对象</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mApplication <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mApplication;
        }

        Application app <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>;

        try {

            <span class="hljs-comment">//为Appliaction创建ContextImpl对象</span>
            ContextImpl appContext <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ContextImpl<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
            <span class="hljs-comment">//调用Instrumentation类中的newApplication方法创建Application</span>
            app <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mActivityThread<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mInstrumentation<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            <span class="hljs-comment">//给ContextImpl设置外部引用</span>
            appContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>setOuterContext(app);
        } 
      <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> app;
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li></ul>

分析：
1.代码第4-6行：判断当前应用是否是第一次创建Application对象，如果不是则直接返回Application对象，否则去创建第一个Application对象。目的是确保当前应用之创建了一个全局的Application对象。
2.代码第13行：创建了一个ContextImpl对象，然后作为参数用于创建Application对象。
3.代码第15行：调用Instrumentation类中的newApplication方法来创建Application对象。
4.代码第18行：将创建好的Application对象赋值给ContextImpl类的mOuterContext成员变量，目的是让ContextImpl持有外部Application类的引用用于注册系统服务或者其他方法。

Instrumentation#newApplication

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Application <span class="hljs-title">newApplication</span>(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 
            ClassNotFoundException {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> newApplication(cl.loadClass(className), context);
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Application <span class="hljs-title">newApplication</span>(Class<?> clazz, Context context)
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 
            ClassNotFoundException {
        Application app = (Application)clazz.newInstance();
        app.attach(context);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> app;
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li></ul>

分析：以上代码通过类加载器来创建Application对象，并且调用app.attach（context）方法来初始化Application对象。这里的context就是上面传下来的ContextImpl对象了。进入Application源码
Application#attach

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Application</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">ComponentCallbacks2</span> {</span>
..................
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
     *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @hide</span>
     */</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">/* package */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> attach(Context context) {
        attachBaseContext(context);
        mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
    }
...............
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>

分析：Application类是继承自ContextWrapper类，在attach方法中调父类也就是ContextWrapper中的attachBaseContext方法来对ContextWrapper的成员变量mBase赋值成ContextImpl对象，具体可以参考3.2小节。因此Application通过父类ContextWrapper类的成员变量mBase指向了ContextImpl，让Application类真正实现了其祖父类Context抽象类中的所有抽象方法。

3.4Activity中的Context

当Application创建完成之后，ASM会通过Binder机制通知ActivityThread去创建需要的Activity了。最后会辗转到ActivityThread类中的performLaunchActivity方法来创建Activity。

ActivityThread#performLaunchActivity

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>

        Activity activity <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>;
        try {
        <span class="hljs-comment">//通过Instrumentation类的newActivity方法来创建一个Activity对象</span>
            java<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>lang<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>ClassLoader cl <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>packageInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getClassLoader();
            activity <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mInstrumentation<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>newActivity(
                    cl, component<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getClassName(), r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>intent);
           <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
        }
        try {
            <span class="hljs-comment">//获取当前应用的Application对象，该对象的唯一作用就是作为参数传递到Activity里，</span>
            然后在Activity类中可以获得调用getApplication方法来获取Application对象
            Application app <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>packageInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>makeApplication(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, mInstrumentation);

          <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (activity <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-comment">//为Activity创建ContextImpl对象</span>
                Context appContext <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
                <span class="hljs-comment">//为Activity赋值初始化</span>
                 activity<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>token,
                        r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>ident, app, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>intent, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>activityInfo, title, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-keyword">parent</span>,
                        r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>embeddedID, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                        r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>voiceInteractor);
               <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
                <span class="hljs-comment">//获取当前应用的主题资源</span>
                int theme <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>activityInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getThemeResource();
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (theme <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-comment">//设置主题</span>
                    activity<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>setTheme(theme);
                }

                activity<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mCalled <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>isPersistable()) {
                <span class="hljs-comment">//辗转到Activity，调用Activity的生命周期onCreate方法</span>
                    mInstrumentation<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>callActivityOnCreate(activity, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>state, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>persistentState);
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
                    mInstrumentation<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>callActivityOnCreate(activity, r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>state);
                }
                <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
                r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>activity <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> activity;
                r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>stopped <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-subst">!</span>r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>activity<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mFinished) {
                <span class="hljs-comment">//调用Activity的生命周期onStart方法</span>
                    activity<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>performStart();
                    r<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>stopped <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
                }
                <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>

        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> activity;
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li></ul>

分析：

step1 这里也是通过Instrumentation类的newActivity方法来创建一个Activity对象，跟上面创建Application对象基本类似，这里就不贴源码了。
step2 之后在调用本地方法 createBaseContextForActivity去创建ContextImpl对象，该对象将作为参数传递到Activity#attach方法中。
step3 调用Activity#attach方法对刚创建好的Activity进行初始化操作。后面会分析Activity#attach方法。
step4 获取当前应用的主题资源，然后调用Activity#setTheme方法给刚创建好的Activity对象设置主题。
setp5 一次调用Activity的生命周期方法onCreate，onStart。

step2
现在来分析下ActivityThread#createBaseContextForActivity方法。

ActivityThread#createBaseContextForActivity

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Context <span class="hljs-title">createBaseContextForActivity</span>(ActivityClientRecord r,
            <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Activity activity) {
        ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createActivityContext(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>, r.packageInfo, r.token);
        appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
        Context baseContext = appContext;
   .............
   <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> baseContext；
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul>

分析：该方法里面的确创建了一个ContextImpl对象，并且返回该对象。同时也调用了ContextImpl#setOuterConexet方法让ContextImpl持有外部Activity对象的引用，目的是在ContextImpl类中注册一些服务，设置主题等都需要外部Activity对象的引用。

setp3
由于Activity没有重写构造方法，因此创建出来的Activity并没有初始化。为了对Activity初始化，以上代码调用了Activity#attach方法来进行初始化操作。

Activity#attach

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Activity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextThemeWrapper</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">LayoutInflater</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Factory2</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">Window</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>, <span class="hljs-title">KeyEvent</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">OnCreateContextMenuListener</span>, <span class="hljs-title">ComponentCallbacks2</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">Window</span>.<span class="hljs-title">OnWindowDismissedCallback</span> {</span>

............................

<span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
            Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> ident,
            Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
            CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
            NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
            Configuration config, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
        <span class="hljs-comment">//调用父类方法对mBase变量赋值</span>
        attachBaseContext(context);
        <span class="hljs-comment">//创建一个Activity的窗口</span>
        mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
        <span class="hljs-comment">//给Window窗口设置回调事件</span>
        mWindow.setCallback(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
        mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
        mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
        <span class="hljs-comment">//设置键盘弹出状态</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
            mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (info.uiOptions != <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
            mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
        }
        mUiThread = Thread.currentThread();

        mMainThread = aThread;
        mInstrumentation = instr;
        mToken = token;
        mIdent = ident;
        <span class="hljs-comment">//此处注意，将整个应用的Application对象赋值给Activity的mApplication成员变量。</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">//目的是为了能在Activity中通过getApplication方法来直接获取Application对象</span>
        mApplication = application;
       ......................
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment">//在Activity中返回当前应用的Application对象</span>
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return the application that owns this activity. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Application <span class="hljs-title">getApplication</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mApplication;
    }

.......................</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul>

分析：attach方法一进来就调用了父类的attachBaseContext方法将ContextImpl对象注册到Activity里面去。由于Activity的父类是ContextThemeWrapper，进入该类查看attachBaseContext方法

ContextThemeWrapper#attachBaseContext

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextThemeWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> {</span>
   ............

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">attachBaseContext</span>(Context newBase) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>.attachBaseContext(newBase);
    }
    ...........</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>

该方法也很简单，还是调用父类的attachBaseContext方法注册ContextImpl，然而该类的父类就是ContextWrapper类。
ContextWrapper#attachBaseContext

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Context</span> {</span>
..............
 <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">attachBaseContext</span>(Context base) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mBase != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> IllegalStateException(<span class="hljs-string">"Base context already set"</span>);
        }
        mBase = base;
    }
..........
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li></ul>

在ContextWrapper类中调用attachBaseContext方法将ContextImpl对象（真正实现Context抽象类里面各种方法的类）赋值给mBase成员变量，而ContextWrapper只是一个装饰类，里面所有方法的实现都是调用mBase的方法。此时mBase方法被赋值成ContextImpl对象，这么一来Activity的祖父类就实现了里面的所有Context抽象方法，那么在Activity中可以调用Context里面的任何方法了。

3.5 Service中的Context

同样创建Service也是有ASM通过Binder机制通知ActivityThread类去创建一个Service服务了，最后会辗转到ActivityThread#handleCreateService方法中来创建一个Service服务。

ActivityThread#handleCreateService

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-literal">void</span> handleCreateService(CreateServiceData <span class="hljs-built_in">data</span>) {

        LoadedApk packageInfo <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                <span class="hljs-built_in">data</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>applicationInfo, <span class="hljs-built_in">data</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>compatInfo);
        Service service <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>;
        try {
            <span class="hljs-comment">//通过类加载器创建Service服务</span>
            java<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>lang<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>ClassLoader cl <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> packageInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getClassLoader();
            service <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> (Service) cl<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>loadClass(<span class="hljs-built_in">data</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>name)<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>newInstance();
        } 
    <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
        try {
          <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>
          <span class="hljs-comment">//此处为Service创建一个ContextImpl对象</span>
            ContextImpl context <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ContextImpl<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
            <span class="hljs-comment">//同样为ContextImpl类设置外部对象，目的还是让ContextImpl持有外部类的引用</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment">//在ContextImpl类中的许多方法需要使用到外部Context对象引用</span>
            context<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>setOuterContext(service);
    <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment">//获得当前应用的Applicaton对象，该对象在整个应用中只有一份，是共享的。</span>
            Application app <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> packageInfo<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>makeApplication(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, mInstrumentation);
            <span class="hljs-comment">//将ContextImpl对象和Application对象作为attach方法参数来初始化Service</span>
            service<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>attach(context, this, <span class="hljs-built_in">data</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>name, <span class="hljs-built_in">data</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>token, app,
                    ActivityManagerNative<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getDefault());
            <span class="hljs-comment">//Service初始化完成之后系统自动调用onCreate生命周期方法</span>
            service<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>onCreate();
     <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul>

分析：
跟以上Activity和Application创建类似，通过类加载器来创建Service对象。然后在创建一个ContextImpl对象，并且为ContextImpl类设置外部Service对象Context的引用，目的之在ContextImpl类中的许多方法都需要使用到外部Context引用。

其次和Activity一样调用packageInfo.makeApplication方法去获得当前应用的Application对象，然后将Application对象和ContextImpl对象作为Service#attach方法去初始化Service，当Service初始化完成之后，系统调用Service的生命周期方法onCreate方法，该方法是创建Service过程中最早暴露给开发者的，所有开发者在实现自己的Service时可以重写onCreate方法来进行一些初始化工作。

现在我们来分析下Service#attach方法

Service#attach

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Service</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">ComponentCallbacks2</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">//默认构造方法调用父类构造方法并且参数为null，意味着构造方法里并没有对Service初始化</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Service</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>);
    }

<span class="hljs-comment">//在Service中返回整个应用的Application对象</span>
    <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return the application that owns this service. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Application <span class="hljs-title">getApplication</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mApplication;
    }
    ..............
 <span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
     *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @hide</span>
     */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">attach</span>(
            Context context,
            ActivityThread thread, String className, IBinder token,
            Application application, Object activityManager) {
        <span class="hljs-comment">//调用父类方法去注册ContextImpl对象</span>
        attachBaseContext(context);
        mThread = thread;           <span class="hljs-comment">// NOTE:  unused - remove?</span>
        mClassName = className;
        mToken = token;
        <span class="hljs-comment">//将整个应用的Applicaton对象赋值给Service类的成员变量mApplication</span>
        mApplication = application;
        mActivityManager = (IActivityManager)activityManager;

    }
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li></ul>

分析：
Service的父类是ContextWrapper，在attach方法中调用了父类中attachBaseContext方法去注册CotextImpl对象，这一操作和创建Application一样，具体参考前面分析。

3.6总结

至此，一个Android应用可能创建Context的地方基本分析结束。所有有关创建Context对象的地方都是在ActivityThread类中，该类就是整个应用的入口，也是整个应用的主线程。每个应用首先会创建一个Application对象，且一个应用只有唯一一个Application对象，之后再根据需求创建Activity或者Service。且在创建Activity或者Service的时候都会持有一份当前应用的Application对象，通过getApplication方法即可获得。

不管在创建Application，Activity还是Service的时候都会去创建一个ContextImpl对象（真正实现抽象类Context功能的类就是ContextImpl），然后将该对象注册到对应的Application，Activity，Service中，之后在Application，Activity，Service类中就可以使用Context的所有功能了。所以Application，Activity，Service的祖先都是抽象类Context，相当于Context给了他们身体，让他们有了一个躯壳有思想，但真正让他们思想得到执行的类还是ContextImpl类。因此我们可以这么来理解：抽象类Context给了Application，Activity，Service思想，而ContextImpl类给了他们去执行思想的功能。

有以上分析我们知道，每创建一个Application，Activity还是Service都会创建一个ContextImpl类（真正实现Context类功能）。且一个应用只会创建一个Application对象。因此：一个App中Context的个数=1个Application+Activity的个数+Service的个数。

【转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up CSDN 废墟的树】

4.Context应用场景

虽然Application，Activity，Service的祖先都是Context，并不是每个Context对象都是相同的。

Application：一个应用在创建的时候只会创建一个ActivityThread主线程，而在初始化ActivityThread主线程的时候就会创建一个Application对象。Application是全局的，在Activity和Service里都可以调用getApplication方法来获得一个应用的Application对象。Application的父类是ContextWrapper类。
**Service：**Service父类是ContextWrapper，一个应用每创建一个Service，都会创建一个ContextImpl类去关联Service。
**Activity：**Activity父类是ContextThemeWrapper，而ContextThemeWrapper父类是ContextWrapper。ContextThemeWrapper类是其父类的扩张，里面额外添加了关于主题设置的一些方法。在ActivityThread主线程中创建Activity的时候我们知道，创建完了Activity之后会立马调用Activity#setTheme设置Activity的主题。

不同Context的应用场景如下图标

功能	Application	Service	Activity
Start an Activity	NO1	NO1	YES
Show a Dialog	NO	NO	YES
Layout Inflation	YES	YES	YES
Start a Service	YES	YES	YES
Bind to a Service	YES	YES	YES
Send a Broadcast	YES	YES	YES
Register BroadcastReceiver	YES	YES	YES
Load Resource Values	YES	YES	YES

解释:

NO1表示Application和Service可以启动一个Activity，但是需要创建一个新的task。比如你在Application中调用startActivity（intent）时系统会报如下错误：

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering">java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable <span class="hljs-built_in">to</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">create</span> application 
com.xjp.toucheventdemo.MyApplication: android.util.AndroidRuntimeException: Calling 
startActivity() <span class="hljs-built_in">from</span> outside <span class="hljs-operator">of</span> <span class="hljs-operator">an</span> Activity  context requires <span class="hljs-operator">the</span> FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK 
flag. Is this really what you want?</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>

意思就是当在Activity以外的环境启动一个新的Activity的时候需要给Intent添加一个FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK标记，该标记的作用就是为当前需要启动的Activity创建一个新的task任务队列。

除了Activity可以创建一个Dialog，其他都不可以创建Dialog。比如在Application中创建Dialog会报如下错误：

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering">Caused <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span>: java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need <span class="hljs-built_in">to</span> use <span class="hljs-operator">a</span> Theme.AppCompat theme (<span class="hljs-operator">or</span> descendant) <span class="hljs-operator">with</span> this activity.</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul>

原因是因为在创建Dialog的时候会使用到Context对象去获取当前主题信息，但是我们知道Application和Service是继承自ContextWrapper，没有实现关于主题的功能，然而Activity是继承自ContextThemeWrapper，该类是实现了关于主题功能的，因此创建Dialog的时候必须依附于Activity的Context引用。

5.getApplication和getApplicationContext区别

很多人对getApplication方法和getApplicationContext感到疑惑，这两个方法返回值有什么不同？什么场合使用什么样的方法？这里我们从源码角度告诉大家：这两个方法返回值都是指向同一个Application对象，仅仅是返回类型和实现方法的地方不同而已。

5.1 getApplication

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Activity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextThemeWrapper</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">LayoutInflater</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Factory2</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">Window</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>, <span class="hljs-title">KeyEvent</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">OnCreateContextMenuListener</span>, <span class="hljs-title">ComponentCallbacks2</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">Window</span>.<span class="hljs-title">OnWindowDismissedCallback</span> {</span>
..............
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/** Return the application that owns this activity. */</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Application <span class="hljs-title">getApplication</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mApplication;
    }
...........</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>

getApplication方法实现是在Activity类中，且返回值是当前应用的Application对象。该对象是在ActivityThread类创建Activity时传递下来的。具体可以参考3.4小节。

5.2 getApplicationContext

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextWrapper</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Context</span> {</span>
.............
 <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Context <span class="hljs-title">getApplicationContext</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mBase.getApplicationContext();
    }
.............
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul>

getApplicationContext方法是在ContextWrapper类中实现，由于mBase变量指向的是ContextImpl对象，因此真正实现的地方是ContextImpl类中

<code class="hljs php has-numbering"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContextImpl</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Context</span> {</span>
................
 @Override
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Context getApplicationContext() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (mPackageInfo != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) ?
                mPackageInfo.getApplication() : mMainThread.getApplication();
    }
..........
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>

该方法返回的是Context类型，且返回值也是调用mPackageInfo.getApplication()或者mMainThread.getApplication()。

<code class="hljs asciidoc has-numbering">public final class LoadedApk {
<span class="hljs-code">............
Application getApplication() {
        return mApplication;
    }
..........</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>

可以看出返回的是当前应用的Application对象，由于一个应用只有一份LoadedApk对象，此处返回的也是系统的唯一Application对象。

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> final class ActivityThread {
<span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">..</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Application getApplication() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mInitialApplication;
    }
<span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>

可以看出返回值也是当前应用的Application对象，由于一个应用只有一个主线程，此处返回的也是系统的唯一Application对象。

因此：getApplication和getApplicationContext方法返回的对象都是指向当前应用的Application对象，是同一个Application对象，仅仅是返回值类型不同而已。

查看源码会发现getApplication方法是在Activity，Service类中实现的；而getApplicationContext方法是在ContextWrapper类中实现的。也就是getApplication方法是在Context子类中实现的，而getApplicationContext是在父类中实现的，从而导致两个方法的使用范围是不一样的。你可以这么调用

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">context<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getApplicationContext</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">; </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul>

但是却不可以这么调用

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">context<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getApplication</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul>

因为getApplication方法是Context子类中实现的，所以你必须这样调用

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">((Activity)context)<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getApplication</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li></ul>

6.Context内存泄漏问题

在项目中，我们经常会遇到使用单例模式或者静态static变量，虽然使用静态类或者静态变量很方便，但是也潜在很多的内存泄漏问题。

6.1静态资源导致的内存泄漏

你可能遇到以下这段代码：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> MyCustomResource {
    <span class="hljs-comment">//静态变量drawable</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Drawable drawable;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> View view；

    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCustomResource</span>(Context context) {
        Resources resources = context.getResources();
        drawable = resources.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
        view = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> View(context);
        view.setBackgroundDrawable(drawable);
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul>

请问，这段代码有什么问题？乍一看貌似没啥问题，挺好的啊！其实不然，主要的问题在于view.setBackgroundDrawable方法里面，我们知道静态变量在整个应用的内存里只保存一份，一旦创建就不会释放该变量的内存，直到整个应用都销毁才会释放static静态变量的内存。

<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">View</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Drawable</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>, <span class="hljs-title">KeyEvent</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Callback</span>,
        <span class="hljs-title">AccessibilityEventSource</span> {</span>
    ...........
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setBackgroundDrawable</span>(Drawable background) {
         ..........
         <span class="hljs-javadoc">/**此处的this就是当前View对象，而View对象又是有Context对象获得
         因此，变量background持有View对象的引用，View持有Context的引用，
         所有background间接持有Context对象的引用了*/</span>
         background.setCallback(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
         .......
    }
    ..........
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li></ul>

setBackgroundDrawable方法内部调用了background.setCallback(this)回调方法，而该参数this就是View的对象，由于background是一个静态变量，会一直持有View对象的引用，而然View对象又是由Context对象创建出来的，因此background会间接持有Context的对象的引用，也就意味着如果该Context对应的Activity退出finish掉的时候其实该Activity是不能完全释放内存的，因为静态变量drawable持有该Activity的Context对象的间接引用。从而导致该Activity内存无法回收，导致内存泄漏隐患。因为Activity就是Context，所有Context的生命周期和Activity是一样长的，我们希望Activity退出时Context也释放内存，这样才不会导致内存泄漏隐患。那么以上这段代码是不安全的。值得注意的是：以上代码是由于静态资源drawable持有View对象的引用导致内存泄漏隐患的，并不是由于context.getResource导致内存泄漏，因此如果你想通过context.getApplicaitonContext来获取getResource是解决不了内存泄漏的。因此，Android系统在在3.0版本之后修改了setBackgroundDrawable内部方法中的 background.setCallback(this);方法，里面的实现使用了弱引用来持有View对象的引用，从而避免了内存泄漏隐患。所以，以后代码中避免使用静态资源，或者使用弱引用来解决相应的问题也是可以的。

6.2 单例模式导致内存泄漏

相信单例模式对开发者很有诱惑力吧！或多或少在项目中都有用过单例模式。你也可能见过一下这段代码：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> CustomManager {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> CustomManager sInstance;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> CustomManager <span class="hljs-title">getInstance</span>(Context context) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (sInstance == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            sInstance = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomManager(context);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sInstance;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Context mContext;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomManager</span>(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>

同样，以上代码也存在内存泄漏的隐患。因为单例模式使用的是静态类的方式，让该对象在整个应用的内存中保持一份该对象，从而减少对多次创建对象带来的资源浪费。同样的问题：在创建该单例的时候使用了生命周期端的Context对象的引用，如果你是在Application中创建以上单例的话是木有任何问题的。因为Application的Context生命周期是整个应用，和单例的生命周期一样，因此不会导致内存泄漏。但是，如果你是在Activity中创建以上单例的话，就会导致和6.1小节一样的问题—内存泄漏。所以我们同样可以将代码修改成如下：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> CustomManager {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> CustomManager sInstance;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> CustomManager <span class="hljs-title">getInstance</span>(Context context) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (sInstance == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            sInstance = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomManager(context.getApplicationContext());
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sInstance;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Context mContext;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomManager</span>(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a target=_blank href="javascript:;" target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" /></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>

6.3 总结

以后在使用Context对象获取静态资源，创建单例对象或者静态方法的时候，请多考虑Context的生命周期，一定要记得不要使用Activity的Context，切记要使用生命周期长的Application的Context对象。但是并不是所有情况使用Application的Context对象，比如第4小节，在创建Dialog，View控件的时候都必须使用Activity的Context对象。

Context总结

Context是什么？Context是”运行上下文环境“，从代码角度看Application，Service，Activity都是Context。
所有Context都是在应用的主线程ActivityThread中创建的，由于Application，Service，Activity的祖先都是Context抽象类，所以在创建它们的同时也会为每一个类创建一个ContextImpl类，ContextImpl是Context的之类，真正实现Context功能方法的类。因此Application，Service，Activity都关联着一个ContextImpl对象。
尽量少用Context对象去获取静态变量，静态方法，以及单例对象。以免导致内存泄漏。
在创建与UI相关的地方，比如创建一个Dialog，或者在代码中创建一个TextView，都用Activity的Context去创建。然而在引用静态资源，创建静态方法，单例模式等情况下，使用生命周期更长的Application的Context才不会导致内存泄漏。

【转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up CSDN 废墟的树】

yinbucheng

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Android中Context的使用

【转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/feiduclear_up CSDN 废墟的树】PS:修该了一些有误区的地方。引言Context对于Android开发人员来说并不陌生，项目中我们会经常使用Context来获取APP资源，创建UI，获取系统Service服务，启动Activity，绑定Service，发送广播，获取APP信息等等。那么Context到底是什
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