参考文献:
http://blog.csdn.net/wubin1124/article/details/3760242
工作集(内存): 可以这么理解, 此值就是该进程所占用的总物理内存. 但是这个值是由两部分组成, 即 '专用工作集' + '共享工作集'.
内存(专用工作集): 这对于一个进程是最重要的, 它代表了一个进程独占用了多少内存.
内存(共享工作集): 这是该进程和别的进程共享的内存量. 通常, 这是加载一个 dll 所占用的内存.
提交大小: 属于 Committed 那一类. 但是不一定在物理内存中, 有些可能位于交换文件中. 如果有一个程序, 原本占 500MB 内存, 但是绝大多数内存都不使用, 则可以通过 `EmptyWorkingSet` 向操作系统发送请求, 将此进程的不常用的内容从物理内存中换出到换页文件中保存, 如下图:
写在最后
0. 工作集, 即在物理内存中的数据的集合.
1. 工作集 = 专用 + 共享
2. 将所有的 "工作集" 相加后的值会大于任务管理器中内存占用的百分比, 因为百分比对共享内存进行排重了.
3. "提交大小" 和 "工作集" 是两个层面的概念, 大部分活跃进程的 "工作集" 会大于 "提交大小", 而大部分非活跃的进程 "工作集" 会小于 "提交大小", 但是两者没有绝对关系.
4. 虚拟内存: 就是换页文件.
分页文件:硬盘上一个或者多个隐藏文件pagefile.sys,Windows用于存储未存入内存的部分程序和数据文件。页面文件和物理内存或随机存取内存(RAM)构成了虚拟内存。Windows会根据需要将数据从页面文件移至内存,或将数据从内存移至页面文件以便为新数据释放内存。也叫“交换文件”。
Sysinternals Suite
// WindbgCmdTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"Psapi.lib")
#include <Psapi.h>
#define MEM_M (1024*1024)
void OutputSystemMem(MEMORYSTATUS New, MEMORYSTATUS Old)
{
//cout<<"减少物理内存="<<(New.dwAvailPhys-Old.dwAvailPhys)/MEM_M<<endl;
//cout<<"减少可用页文件="<<(New.dwAvailPageFile-Old.dwAvailPageFile)/MEM_M<<endl;
//cout<<"减少可用进程空间="<<(New.dwAvailVirtual-Old.dwAvailVirtual)/MEM_M<<endl;
}
static PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS stLastMem;
void OutputProcessMem()
{
PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pro;
HANDLE handle = GetCurrentProcess();
GetProcessMemoryInfo(handle, &pro, sizeof(pro));
cout<<"缺页中断次数 "<<"new("<<pro.PageFaultCount/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.PageFaultCount/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用内存高峰 "<<"new("<<pro.PeakWorkingSetSize/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.PeakWorkingSetSize/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"当前使用的内存 "<<"new("<<pro.WorkingSetSize/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.WorkingSetSize/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用页面缓存池高峰 "<<"new("<<pro.QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用页面缓存池 "<<"new("<<pro.QuotaPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.QuotaPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用非分页缓存池高峰 "<<"new("<<pro.QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用非分页缓存池 "<<"new("<<pro.QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用分页文件(提交的内存文件大小) "<<"new("<<pro.PagefileUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.PagefileUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<"使用分页文件高峰 "<<"new("<<pro.PeakPagefileUsage/MEM_M<<") "<<"old("<<stLastMem.PeakPagefileUsage/MEM_M<<")"<<endl;
cout<<endl;
memcpy(&stLastMem,&pro,sizeof(pro));
}
#define VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE 10*MEM_M
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
memset(&stLastMem,0,sizeof(stLastMem));
OutputProcessMem();
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual);
LPVOID pV=VirtualAlloc(NULL,VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE,MEM_RESERVE|MEM_TOP_DOWN,PAGE_READWRITE);
if(pV==NULL)
{
cout<<"没有那么多虚拟空间!"<<endl;
}
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual1;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual1);
cout<<"VirtualAlloc(NULL,1000*1024*1024,MEM_RESERVE|MEM_TOP_DOWN,PAGE_READWRITE);"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual1,memStatusVirtual);
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"\n";
pV=VirtualAlloc(pV,VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE,MEM_COMMIT,PAGE_READWRITE);
if (pV == NULL)
{
DWORD eLastError = GetLastError();
cout <<"eLastError: %d" << eLastError;
}
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual2;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual2);
cout<<"VirtualAlloc(pV,10*1024*1024,MEM_COMMIT|MEM_RESERVE,PAGE_READWRITE);"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual2,memStatusVirtual1);
OutputProcessMem();
char * pC = (char *)pV;
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"pC[VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE-1] = 0;;"<<endl;
pC[VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE-1] = 0;
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"\n";
char * p = new char[10*MEM_M];
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual8;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual8);
cout<<"char * p = new char[10*MEM_M];"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual8,memStatusVirtual2);
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"\n";
VirtualFree(pV,VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE,MEM_DECOMMIT);
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual3;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual3);
cout<<" VirtualFree(pV,10*1024*1024,MEM_DECOMMIT);"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual3,memStatusVirtual2);
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"\n";
VirtualFree(pV,VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE,MEM_RELEASE);
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual4;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual4);
cout<<"VirtualFree(pV,10*1024*1024,MEM_RELEASE);"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual4,memStatusVirtual3);
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"\n";
VirtualUnlock(pV,VIRTUAL_ALLOC_TEST_SIZE);
MEMORYSTATUS memStatusVirtual5;
GlobalMemoryStatus(&memStatusVirtual5);
cout<<"VirtualUnlock(pV,10*1024*1024);"<<endl;
OutputSystemMem(memStatusVirtual5,memStatusVirtual4);
OutputProcessMem();
cout<<"delete[] p;"<<endl;
delete[] p;
OutputProcessMem();
getchar();
return 0;
}